2011考研英语模拟试题12篇(附全文翻译)_跨考网

最后更新时间:2010-08-17 13:04:46
辅导课程:暑期集训 在线咨询
复习紧张,焦头烂额?逆风轻袭,来跨考秋季集训营,帮你寻方法,定方案! 了解一下>>
    SectionⅠUse of English
    
    Directions:
    
    Read the following text. Choose the best word(s)from each numbered blank and mark A,B,C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1.(10 points)
    
    一、美陪审团制度
    
    As former colonists of Great Britain,the Founding Fathers of the United States adopted much of the legal system of Great Britain. We have a“common law”,or law made by courts__1__a monarch or other central governmental__2__like a legislature. The jury,a__3__of ordinary citizens chosen to decide a case,is an__4__ part of our common-law system.
    
    Use of juries to decide cases is a__5__feature of the American legal system. Few other countries in the world use juries as we do in the United States.__6__the centuries,many people have believed that juries in most cases reach a fairer and more just result__7__would be obtained using a judge__8__,as many countries do.__9__a jury decides cases after“__10__”,or discussions among a group of people,the jury‘s decision is likely to have the__11__ from many different people from different backgrounds,who must as a group decide what is right.
    
    Juries are used in both civil cases,which decide__12__ among__13__ citizens,and criminal cases,which decide cases brought by the government __14__ that individuals have committed crimes. Juries are selected from the U.S. citizens and__15__. Jurors,consisting of __16__ numbers,are called for each case requiring a jury.
    
    The judge__17__to the case__18__the selection of jurors to serve as the jury for that case. In some states,__19__jurors are questioned by the judge;in others,they are questioned by the lawyers representing the__20__under rules dictated by state law.
    
    1. [A] other than [B] rather than [C] more than [D] or rather
    
    2. [A] agency [B] organization [C] institution [D] authority
    
    3. [A] panel [B] crew [C] band [D] flock
    
    4. [A] innate [B] intact [C] integral [D] integrated
    
    5. [A]discriminating[B] distinguishing [C] determining [D] diminishing
    
    6. [A] in [B] by [C] after [D] over
    
    7. [A] that [B] which [C] than [D] as
    
    8. [A] alike [B] alone [C] altogether [D] apart
    
    9. [A] Although [B] Because [C] If [D] While
    
    10.[A] deliberations [B] meditations [C] reflections [D] speculations
    
    11.[A] outline [B] outcome [C] input [D] intake
    
    12.[A] arguments [B] controversies [C] disputes [D] hostilities
    
    13.[A] fellow [B] individual [C] personal [D] private
    
    14.[A] asserting [B] alleging [C] maintaining [D] testifying
    
    15.[A] assembled [B] evoked [C] rallied [D] summoned
    
    16.[A] set [B] exact [C] given [D] placed
    
    17.[A] allocated [B] allotted [C] appointed [D] assigned
    
    18.[A] administers [B] manages [C] oversees [D] presides
    
    19.[A] inspective [B] irrespective [C] perspective [D] prospective
    
    20.[A] bodies [B] parties [C] sides [D] units
    
    答案
    
    1. B 2. D 3. A 4. C 5. B 6. D 7.C 8.B 9. B 10. A
    
    11. C 12. C 13.D 14.B 15. D 16. A 17. D 18. C 19. D 20. B
    
    总体分析
    
    本文介绍了美国的陪审团制度。第一段指出,陪审团是美国共同法系统的基本组成部分。第二段分析了使用陪审团的原因。第三和四段分别介绍了陪审团的类型和选举程序。
    
    全文翻译
    
    美国的建国之父们作为大英帝国的前殖民者沿袭了其法律系统。我们有“共同法”,即由法庭而非君主或其他像立法机关这样的中央政府权利机关制定的法律。陪审团由一群选来裁决案件的普通公民组成,是我们共同法系统基本的组成部分。
    
    使用陪审团裁决案件是美国法律系统的一个显著特征。在世界上很少有其他国家和美国一样使用陪审团。几个世纪以来,许多人已经相信在大多数情况下陪审团比许多国家那样单独使用一位法官达成的结果更公平、公正。因为陪审团裁决案件是在一群人“审议”或讨论后,因此他们的决定可能受到不同背景的不同人的影响,这些人必须作为一个团体来决定什么是正确的。
    
    陪审团既被用在裁决普通公民之间纠纷的民事案件中,也用在裁决政府提出讼诉声称个人犯罪的刑事案件中。陪审团成员从美国公民中选出并被传唤。由固定人数组成的陪审团在每一个需要陪审团的案件中都会被召唤。
    
    被指派负责案件的法官监督陪审团成员的选举。在一些州,未来的陪审团成员由法官询问,而在另一些州,他们遵照州法律规定的法规接受代表各方当事人的律师的询问。
    
    二、英国车速监控系统
    
    The Treasury could pocket 20 million a year in extra fines once the country‘s speed camera network is expanded. Motoring organizations warned that the __1__could become a poll tax on wheels’,__2__huge number of drivers. There could be many more incidents of vandalism __3__cameras.The warnings came__4__a Daily Mail survey found almost all the 23 police forces in England and Wales were either__5__to expansion plans or considering __6__.
    
    Nationwide,the number of speeding tickets is expected to treble,__7__ 90 million a year.__8__the scheme,police keep some of the cash from fines to __9__the costs of fitting and maintaining extra cameras and__10__that existing ones always have film in them. The rest will go to the Treasury. Both Ministers and police insist the scheme is aimed__11__at making roads safer. They point to trials in eight areas which cut collisions by a quarter and deaths and serious injuries by __12__a half.
    
    But motoring organizations fear cameras will be sited on relatively safe__13__fast stretches to catch as many drivers as possible. Some forces are also expected to__14__the“threshold”speeds at which cameras are__15__to the absolute legal minimum-15 mph in a 10 mph limit,and 26 mph in a 20 mph zone. This could encourage drivers to stare at their speedometers instead of concentrating on the road,and __16__to more accidents. Sue Nicholson,head of campaigns at the RAC,said,“We don‘t have a problem with speed cameras __17__. But we do have concerns about__18__they are sited. Police risk losing credibility __19__motorists if cameras are seen as revenue-raising __20__safety devices.”
    
    1. [A] promotions [B] punishments [C] penalties [D] payments
    
    2. [A] isolating [B] separating [C] alienating [D] detaching
    
    3. [A] towards [B] against [C] before [D] over
    
    4. [A] so [B] once [C] as [D] where
    
    5. [A] subjected [B] engaged [C] intended [D] committed
    
    6. [A] taking part [B] keeping silence [C] making exception [D] paying respect
    
    7. [A] financing [B] profiting [C] funding [D] netting
    
    8. [A] From [B] Under [C] On [D] With
    
    9. [A] hide [B] cover [C] conceal [D] veil
    
    10. [A] pledging [B] assuring [C] confirming [D] ensuring
    
    11. [A] essentially [B] strongly [C] wholeheartedly [D] purely
    
    12. [A] in all [B] fewer than [C] at most [D] up to
    
    13. [A] but [B] whereas [C] though [D] while
    
    14. [A] fit [B] put [C] set [D] fix
    
    15. [A] levered [B] geared [C] handled [D] triggered
    
    16. [A] lead [B] add [C] contribute [D] resort
    
    17. [A] any less [B] by itself [C] after all [D] as such
    
    18. [A] who [B] when [C] where [D] which
    
    19. [A] in [B] with [C] against [D] for
    
    20. [A] in spite of [B] far from [C] rather than [D] by means of
    
    答案
    
    1. C 2. C 3. B 4. C 5. D 6. A 7. D 8. B 9.B 10. D
    
    11. D 12.D 13. A 14. C 15. B 16. A 17. D 18. C 19.B 20.C
    
    总体分析
    
    本文讲述了英国车速监控摄像体系扩张计划的内容及影响,着重阐述了这一计划的支持者(警察和财政部门)和反对者(机动车管理机构)的观点。
    
    全文翻译
    
    一旦扩大车速监控摄像体系,这个国家财政部每年就能从罚款中额外增加2000万收入。机动车管理机构警告说这种罚款可能变成对汽车征收的人头税,从而疏远很多驾驶者。也可能出现更多破坏摄像机的事件。警告出现的同时,《每日邮报》的调查发现英格兰和威尔士的23支警力几乎都有所行动,不是致力于部署监控体系的扩张计划,就是在考虑加入其中。
    
    预计(在实施监控系统后)全国范围内违章超速行驶的罚单数量会增加两倍,罚金数目一年达9000万。按照计划,警察保留一部分罚金用以支付安装和维修新摄像机的费用,并且保证现有的摄像机中总是装有胶卷。其余的罚金将上缴财政部。财政部长们和警察都坚持认为该计划的目的是提高公路的安全性。他们指出八个试点地区撞车事故减少了四分之一,严重伤亡事故减少至一半。
    
    但是机动车管理机构担心警察为了多开罚单会把摄像机装在相对安全但行车速度较快的直行道上,还会为车速监控摄像机设置最低合法车速标准,如把正常的每小时10英里限速提高到每小时15英里,每小时20英里限速提高到每小时26英里。这样做会使司机盯着自己的里程计而不把精力集中到路面上,从而引发更多的交通事故。英国皇家汽车俱乐部(RAC)活动负责人休。尼科尔森说,“严格上说,我们对车速监控摄像机并无意见,我们担忧的是它们被安放的地点。如果把监控摄像机视为(政府)聚敛财政收入的手段而不是安全设施,那么警察就可能丧失他们在驾驶者心目中的威信”。

跨考考研课程

班型 定向班型 开班时间 高定班 标准班 课程介绍 咨询
秋季集训 冲刺班 9.10-12.20 168000 24800起 小班面授+专业课1对1+专业课定向辅导+协议加强课程(高定班)+专属规划答疑(高定班)+精细化答疑+复试资源(高定班)+复试课包(高定班)+复试指导(高定班)+复试班主任1v1服务(高定班)+复试面授密训(高定班)+复试1v1(高定班)
2023集训畅学 非定向(政英班/数政英班) 每月20日 22800起(协议班) 13800起 先行阶在线课程+基础阶在线课程+强化阶在线课程+真题阶在线课程+冲刺阶在线课程+专业课针对性一对一课程+班主任全程督学服务+全程规划体系+全程测试体系+全程精细化答疑+择校择专业能力定位体系+全年关键环节指导体系+初试加强课+初试专属服务+复试全科标准班服务

①凡本网注明“稿件来源:跨考网”的所有文字、图片和音视频稿件,版权均属北京尚学硕博教育咨询有限公司(含本网和跨考网)所有,任何媒体、网站或个人未经本网协议授权不得转载、链接、转帖或以其他任何方式复制、发表。已经本网协议授权的媒体、网站,在下载使用时必须注明“稿件来源,跨考网”,违者本网将依法追究法律责任。

②本网未注明“稿件来源:跨考网”的文/图等稿件均为转载稿,本网转载仅基于传递更多信息之目的,并不意味着再通转载稿的观点或证实其内容的真实性。如其他媒体、网站或个人从本网下载使用,必须保留本网注明的“稿件来源”,并自负版权等法律责任。如擅自篡改为“稿件来源:跨考网”,本网将依法追究法律责任。

③如本网转载稿涉及版权等问题,请作者见稿后在两周内速来电与跨考网联系,电话:400-883-2220