如何突破考研英语阅读得分低的瓶颈(上)

　　考研阅读理解题目常常是各类题型中的得分大户，大家也为此作了不少的努力，做了大量的题，但还有好多人在考试中阅读失分太多，这让大家很是痛苦。其实这里的原因很是简单，有不少同学 只管做题而不善于总结。通过对历年来考题的有效解析，跨考教育孟老师为大家总结出以下十个阅读理解常考点：

　　一、首末段首末句

　　(1)文章首段首末句往往出“主旨大意题”。因为，英语文章的开始往往会采取开门见山的形式提出文章的中心思想。有些时候会在首段末句出现转折词，but，however，yet等，转折后所要表述的内容往往是文章的中心思想，通常成为出题人出题点。如：2010 text 1

　　Of all the changes that have taken place in english-language newspapers during the past quarter-century, perhaps the most far-reaching has been the inexorable decline in the scope and seriousness of their arts coverage.

　　What would be the best title for the text

　　A Newspapers of the Good Old Days

　　B the Lost Horizon in Newspaper

　　C Mournful Decline of Journalism

　　D Prominent Critics in Memory

　　(2)末段首末句，通常会对全文再次作总结，由此也会成为考查点。

　　二、转折

　　在整个篇章里，转折词出现在首尾段与中心主旨有关，出现在各段里可能是段落主旨。因此，在阅读过程中看到转折词最好做上标记，与主旨联系起来。

　　三、对比和类比处

　　作者也经常把两个事物、两种观点进行对比，从而论证自己观点的正确性。表示对比的标志性词语有，in contrast， in comparison， compared with ， while等，特别需要指出的是，只要文章第一段中出现对照或对比的内容，往往将在下文中进行具体的议论，并在文章最后的结论，这通常是出题点。如2008 text1

　　例：“Women are particularly susceptible to developing depression and anxiety disorders in response to stress compared to men,” according to Dr. Yehuda, chief psychiatrist at New York’s Veteran’s Administration Hospital. Which of the following is true according to the first two paragraphs?

　　[A] Women are biologically more vulnerable to stress.

　　[B] Women are still suffering much stress caused by men.

　　[C] Women are more experienced than men in coping with stress.

　　[D] Men and women show different inclinations when faced with stress.

　　四、举例处

　　句子的作用是为了支持论证作者的观点，这些例子往往与作者的观点和结论有很大关联，又有重要意义，因此成为考试的重点。这种题目在文章的线索非常明显，一般都带有如下标志词：for example，as , such as, like等。

　　五、因果关系处

　　因果句通常是作者进行分析或者进行得出结论的地方。英语句子存在前因后果和前果后因，出题人为了考察考生的阅读能力和逻辑分析能力，经常会把含有因果关系进行颠倒，将“因变成了果，果变成了因”。如1997 text5

　　America’s capacity utilization, for example, hit historically high levels earlier this year, and its jobless rate (5.6% in August) has fallen below most estimates of the natural rate of unemployment -- the rate below which inflation has taken off in the past.

　　According to the passage, which of the following is TRUE?

　　[A] Making monetary policies is comparable to driving a car

　　[B] An extremely low jobless rate will lead to inflation

　　[C] A high unemployment rate will result from inflation

　　[D] Interest rates have an immediate effect on the economy

　　在词汇量和时间都很有限的前提下，如果每个单词每句话都要读，而且都要理解，那么速度一定很慢。因此，在阅读的过程中，以上五个句子我们是要边读边揣摩直至选出最佳选项。