2015年考研阅读题目的选项分析：同义替换

　　Text 2

　　1: Human ingenuity was initially demonstrated in ________.

　　正确答案C：the invention of tools for difficult and dangerous work

　　原文定位：Since the dawn of human ingenuity, people have devised ever more cunning tools to cope with work that is dangerous, boring, burdensome, or just plain nasty.

　　解题要点：本题的难度较小, 很容易辨析, 在原文与选项的对比之后发现tools 再次出现，difficult, dangerous是dangerous, boring, burdensome, or just plain nasty的同义替换, 也就是换个方式把原文的意思重新表达一次, 很明显为正确选项.

　　2: The word "gizmos" (line 1, paragraph 2) most probably means ________.

　　正确答案C：devices

　　原文定位：As a result, the modern world is increasingly populated by intelligent gizmos whose presence we barely notice but whose universal existence has removed much human labor.

　　解题要点：从题型来看, 这属于典型的词汇题, 而词汇题的做题关键则是在原文的上下文中找出相应的近义词, 同义词和反义词之类, 也可以使同义表达.从后面定语从句来看，重点是remove human labor. 再从后面的几个例子中，factory, banking, subway train几个东西都是工具，得出答案。

　　3：题：According to the text, what is beyond man's ability now is to design a robot that can __

　　正确答案D：respond independently to a changing world

　　原文定位："While we know how to tell a robot to handle a specific error," says Dave Lavery, manager of a robotics program at NASA, "we can't yet give a robot enough 'common sense' to reliably interact with a dynamic world."

　　答题要点：reliably interact with a dynamic world是文章中的respond independently to a changing world同义转化，并且题目中也有类似的同义替换, 如beyond man’s ability 等同于原文中的 can not yet give…

　　4：Besides reducing human labor, robots can also ________.

　　正确答案B：deal with some errors with human intervention

　　原文定位：But if robots are to reach the next stage of laborsaving utility, they will have to operate with less human supervision and be able to make at least a few decisions for themselves — goals that pose a real challenge….while we know how to tell a robot to handle a specific error…

　　答题要点：同义替换, with human intervention替换了文中with less human supervision.

　　比其他一些题目更难的地方在于, 这句话无论是原文还是正确选项都有个前提, 所以必须考虑进来, 如果不考虑前提, 很有可能出现断章取义, 导致错选了A, make a few decision for themselves.

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