考研英语阅读英文原刊《经济学人》节选：移民

　　Immigration

　　移民

　　What have the immigrants ever done for us?

　　移民政策为我们做了些什么?

　　Rather a lot, according to a new piece of research

　　根据一项新的研究得出，移民政策做了挺多贡献的

　　PESKY immigrants. They move to Britain, taking jobs, scrounging welfare benefits, straining health services, overrunning local schools and occupying state-subsidised housing. That, at least, is the story recounted by politicians from the UK Independence Party (UKIP) and, increasingly, by members of the Conservative Party. A new study by two economists tells a very different tale.

　　讨厌的移民者们。他们搬到英国，获得工作，讨要福利，占用卫生服务，挤爆当地学校并且占领保障性住房。至少这是英国独立党和越来越多的保守党成员所讲述的故事。然而两位经济学家的一项新研究却得出了一个完全不同的理论。

　　Concern about the economic impact of immigration has centred on two areas: the effect foreigners have on native workers'wages and employment; and the extent to which immigrants, in particular those from countries within the European Union who are free to move around at will, take from a system to which they have contributed little. Research by Christian Dustmann of University College London and Tommaso Frattini of the University of Milan focuses on the second.

　　对移民带来的经济影响的关注主要集中在两个方面：一是外国人对当地工人工资和就业率的影响;二是移民们从这样的移民体制中所获益处，尤其是来自欧盟成员国的移民，因为他们可以随意活动，但对所在的移民体系贡献少之又少。由伦敦大学学院的克里斯蒂安·达斯特曼和米兰大学的托马索·弗拉提尼共同合作的调查研究主要就集中于第二点。

　　By calculating European immigrants'share of the cost of government spending and their contribution to government revenues, the scholars estimate that between 1995 and 2011 the migrants made a positive contribution of more than 4 billion to Britain, compared with an overall negative contribution of 591 billion for native Britons. Between 2001 and 2011, the net fiscal contribution of recent arrivals from the eastern European countries that have joined the EU since 2004 has amounted to almost 5 billion. Even during the worst years of the financial crisis, in 2007-11, they made a net contribution of almost 2 billion to British public finances. Migrants from other European countries chipped in 8.6 billion.

　　通过计算欧洲移民在政府支出所占份额和他们对政府收益所作的贡献，学者们估计在1995年和2011 年间，相较于英国本国人所做的5910 亿英镑的负面贡献，移民对英国做出了至少40 亿英镑(约合64 亿美元)的正面贡献。在2001 至2011 年间，从自2004 年加入欧盟的东欧国家来的新移民所做的净财政贡献总计50 亿英镑。即便是在金融危机最糟糕的2007至2011 那几年，他们对英国公共财政的净财政贡献也有将近20 亿英镑。从欧洲其它国家来的移民所作贡献零零散散也有86 亿英镑。