2015考研英语十二大基础语法体系:一致关系
6.表示时间、重量、长度、价值等的单位名词,尽管是复数形式,如果作整体看待,动词都用单数形式。如果看作组成该数量的一个一个的个体,则动词用复数。
如:Twenty miles is a long way to walk. 走二十英里可是很长的一段路。
Ten years is a long time。十年很长。
Eight minutes is enough. 八分钟够了。
Twelve dollars is too dear. 十二美圆太贵了。
There are six silver dollars in each of the stacking. 每只袜子里有六个一美元的银币。
7. “the+形容词”表示一类人时,谓语动词用复数。表示抽象概念或指个别事物时谓语动词用单数。
如:The old are well taken care of. 老人得到很好的照顾。
The beautiful is laved by all. 人人都爱美。
8. 如果主语由"a kind/sort/type of this kind/sort/type of +名词”组成,不管名词是单数还是复数,动词通常用单数。
如:This kind of man annoys me. =This kind of men annoys me. 这种人让我烦。
This kind of apple is very expensive. = This kind of apples is…这种苹果很贵。
类似的还有:a portion of(一部分),a series of(一系列),a pile of(一堆),a panel of (一个小组委员会),
如:A series of accidents has happened here. 这里发生过一系列事故。
9. Means作“方法、手段”讲时,单复数同形,其前面有each, every, neither, either,等单数a念的定语时,谓语动词用单数;若有all, both,these等复数概念的定语时谓语动词用复数。
“None of the means”作主语时,谓语动词通常用单数。
如:There is/are no means of learning what is happening. 没法知道正在发生什么事。
No means is /are left untried. 没有没试过的方法了。
Every means is to an end. 每一种手段都能达到一种目的。
A bicycle is a means of transport. 自行车是一种交通手段。
All possible means have/Every possible means has been tried.所有的方法都试过了。
(三)就近一致
1.当主语由either...... or. neither...... nor , not only ...... but(also) 或or连接时,谓语动词通常和最临近的那个主语一致。
例如:Either you or he is to do the work. 不是你就是他来做这件事。
Not only you but also Tom often comes late to class. 不光是你,汤姆上课也迟到。
Neither the children nor the teacher knows anything about it.
孩子们和老师都不知道这件事。
2.当there be结构后面有并列主语时,谓语也和最临近的那个一致。
如:There is a dictionary and many books on the table.
桌子上有一本词典和许多本书。
There' re ten chairs and a table in the house.
屋子里有十把椅子和一张桌子。
Here is a pen, a few envelopes and same paper far you.
这儿有一支笔,几个信封和一些纸给你。
这种就近一致的情况在非正式文体中越来越普遍。但在下列情况不提倡模访。
如:Where is your mother and sisters?
你妈妈和你姐妹到哪儿去了?
Is your sister and her husband coming to see you?
你姐姐和姐夫要来看你吗?
One in ten are expected to take part in the contest.
预计每十个人就有一个要来参加这次比赛。
3.做主语的名词或代词后接with,together with,along with,as well as等短语时,谓语动词一般和前面名词或代词一致。这些短语前后可用可不用逗号。
如:A woman with a baby is coming to the hospital
一个妇女抱着个婴儿正向医院走来。
The girl, as well as the bays , has learned to drive a car.
这个姑娘和那些那孩子一样也学会了开汽车。
(四)代词一致
代词一致是指句子中代词应在数、性、人称等方面彼此保持一致,
如:One must do one' s best to increase production.
Everybody talked at the tap of his/their voice.
If anyone calls, tell him I' 11 be back in a moment. (him也可用him or her代替)
在写作中,如果表示不定的人,可以用you, we, one等,需要注意的是:同一篇文章中,只用同一个不定代词,而且所有格要与其一致。
(五)肯定与否定一致
下列形容词、副词、代词从肯定句变成否定句时,须作相应的变化:
肯定句 | 否定句 |
We've had some money. | We haven't had any money. |
I was talking to someone | I wasn't talking to anyone. |
They sometimes visit us. | They rarely (never, seldom) visit us. |
He has arrived already. | He hasn't arrived yet. |
Li is coming too. | Li isn't coming either. |
Both of us are going. | Neither of us are going. |
He likes both of them. | He doesn't like either of them. |
注意:“so/neither+助动词/情态动词+名词/代词”结构中须用倒装语序,
如:My wife likes classical music very much and so do.
She doesn' t like jazz and neither do.
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