跨考版：2015年考研英语一翻译真题及答案

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　　Part C Translation

　　Directions:

　　Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (10 points)

　　Within the span of a hundred years, in the seventeenth and early eighteenth centuries, a tide of emigration -one of the great folk wanderings of history-swept from Europe to America. 46) This movement, driven by powerful motivations, built a nation out of a wilderness and, by its nature, shaped the character and destiny of an uncharted continent.

　　47) The United States is the product of two principal forces-the immigration of European peoples with their varied ideas, customs, and national characteristics and the impact of a new country which modified these traits. Of necessity, colonial America was a projection of Europe. Across the Atlantic came successive groups of Englishmen, Frenchmen, Germans, Scots, Irishmen, Dutchmen, Swedes, and many others who attempted to transplant their habits and traditions to the new world. 48) But the force of geographic conditions peculiar to America, the interplay of the varied national groups upon one another, and the sheer difficulty of maintaining old-world ways in a raw, new continent caused significant changes. These changes were gradual and at first scarcely visible. But the result was a new social pattern which, although it resembled European society in many ways, had a character that was distinctly American.

　　49)The first shiploads of immigrants bound for the territory which is now the United States crossed the Atlantic more than a hundred years after the fifteenth- and sixteenth-century explorations of North America. In the meantime, thriving Spanish colonies had been established in Mexico, the West Indies, and South America. These travelers to North America came in small, unmercifully overcrowded craft. During their six- to twelve-week voyage, they subsisted on meager rations. Many of the ships were lost in storms, many passengers died of disease, and infants rarely survived the journey. Sometimes tempests blew the vessels far off their course, and often calm brought interminable delay.

　　To the anxious travelers the sight of the American shore brought almost inexpressible relief. Said one chronicler, "The air at twelve leagues' distance smelt as sweet as a new-blown garden." The colonists' first glimpse of the new land was a vista of dense woods. 50) The virgin forest with its richness and variety of trees was a real treasure-house which extended from Maine all the way down to Georgia. Here was abundant fuel and lumber. Here was the raw material of houses and furniture, ships and potash, dyes and naval stores.

　　46) This movement, driven by powerful motivations, built a nation out of a wilderness and, by its nature, shaped the character and destiny of an uncharted continent.

　　【参考译文】在多种强大的动机驱动下，这次移民在一片荒野上建起了一个国家，其本身塑造了一个未知大陆的性格和命运。

　　47) The United States is the product of two principal forces——the immigration of European peoples with their varied ideas, customs, and national characteristics and the impact of a new country which modified these traits.

　　【参考译文】美国产生于两个主要力量：思想习俗、民族特色各异的欧洲移民，以及修改这些特征的新国家所产生的影响。

　　48 But the force of geographic conditions peculiar to America, the interplay of the varied national groups upon one another, and the sheer difficulty of maintaining old-world ways in a raw, new continent caused significant changes.

　　【参考译文】但是，美国拥有独特的地理条件，不同民族之间产生了相互的作用，因此，在一片原始新大陆上，维护旧大陆方式产生了纯粹的困难，这一切引发了重大的变化。

　　49 The first shiploads of immigrants bound for the territory which is now the United States crossed the Atlantic more than a hundred years after the fifteenth- and sixteenth-century explorations of North America.

　　【参考译文】在15-16世纪北美探索的一百多年之后，运往如今的美国这片新领土的第一船移民横渡了大西洋。

　　50 The virgin forest with its richness and variety of trees was a real treasure-house which extended from Maine all the way down to Georgia.

　　【参考译文】拥有丰富多样树种的原始森林是一个真正的宝库，它从缅因州一直延伸到乔治亚州。