跨考版:2015年考研英语二阅读真题及答案
Text3
Even in traditional offices,“the lingua franca of corporate America has gotten much more emotional and much more right-brained than it was 20 years ago,"said Harvard Business School professor Nancy Koehn She started spinning off examples。“If you and I parachuted back to Fortune 500 companies in 1990,we would see much less frequent use of terms like Journey mission passion. There were goals,there were strategies,there were objectives,but we didn’t talk about energy;we didn’t talk about passion。”
Koehn pointed out that this new era of corporate vocabulary is very “team”-oriented-and not by coincidence。“Let’s not forget sDorts-in male-dominated corporate America,it’s still a big deal. It’s not explicitly conscious;it’s the idea that I’m a coach,and you’re my team,and we’re in this together. There are lots and lots of CEOs in very different companies,but most think of themselves as coaches and this is their team and they want to win"。
These terms a re also intended to infuse work with meaning-and,as Khurana points out,increase allegiance to the firm。“You have the importation of terminology that historically used to be associated with non-profit organizations and religious organizations:Terms like vision,values,passion,and purpose,”said Khurana
This new focus on personal fulfillment can help keep employees motivated amid increasingly loud debates over work-life balance The “mommy wars” of the 1990s a re still going on today prompting arguments about why women still can't have it all and books like Sheryl Sandberg's Lean In,whose title has become a buzzword in its own right. Terms like unplug,offline,life-hack,bandwidth,and capacity are all about setting boundaries between the office and the home But if your work is your “passion” you’ll be more likely to devote yourself to it,even if that means going home for dinner and then working long after the kids are in bed
But this seems to be the irony of office speak:Everyone makes fun of it,but manage rs love it,companies depend on it,and regular people willingly absorb it As Nunberg said,“You can get people to think it’s nonsense at the same time that you buy into it。” In a workplace that’s fundamentally indifferent to your life and its meaning office speak can help you figure out how you relate to your work-and how your work defines who you are
31. According to NancyKoehn office language has become________
[A]more e motional
[B]more objective
[C]less energetic
[D]less energetic
[E]less strategic
32.“team”-oriented corporate vocabulary is closely related to________
[A]historical incidents
[B]gender difference
[C]sports culture
[D]athletic executives
33.Khurana believes that the importation of terminology aims to________
[A]revive historical terms
[B]promote company image
[C]foster corporate cooperation
[D]strengthen employee loyalty
34.It can be inferred that Lean In_________
[A]voices for working women
[B]appeals to passionate workaholics
[C]triggers debates among mommies
[D]praises motivated employees
35.Which of the following statements is true about office speak?
[A]Managers admire it but avoid it
[B]Linguists believe it to be nonsense
[C]Companies find it to be fundamental
[D]Regular people mock it but accept it
T3
31 答案A more emotional
解析:细节题。根据题干关键词NancyKoehn及office language定位,找到第一段的Nancy Koehn引号里的那句话the lingua franca…gotten much more emotional and much more bright-brained.选项A中的more emotional即完全符合原文。
32 答案 C sports culture
解析:细节题。题干中出现team-oriented corporate vocabulary,根据该信息回到第二段定位,提到it’s the idea that ‘m a coach...team…but most…coaches…team.,都是与运动有关的信息,与选项进行匹配,恰当是运动文化。
33 答案D strengthen employee loyalty
解析:细节题。题干出现大写任命Khurana,并出现普通名词importation of terminology定位到第三段Khurana说的那句话…non-profit… and religious…vision, values, passion,…purpose,及下文第四段首句提到personal fulfillment…keep employees motived….,这些均是职员的道德有关,因此对应答案D加强员工的忠诚感。
34 答案A voices for working women
解析:推理题。根据题干中的Lean In大写字母,定位到第四段第二句,arguments about why women still can’t have it all and books…Lean In,因此Lean In肯定是与女性有关的书籍且与工作有关,对应答案A 工作女性的呼唤,是对原文的同义替换。
35 答案C companies find it to be fundamental
解析:细节判断题。根据题干office speak及段落定位原则,定位到最后一段第一句,发现首句出现句间转折But,及句内转折but,因此后一个but更重要,提到but managers love it, companies depend on it。对应选项即为C 公司觉得它是基础性的,很重要。此外,该段最后一句话又提到了此点很重要。
Text4
Many people talked of the 288000new jobs the Labor Department reported for Jure along with the drop in the unemployment take to 6 J percent. at good news. And they were right. For now it appears the economy is creating jobs at a decent pace. We still have a long way to go to get back to full employment but at least we are now finally moving forward at a faster pace。
However there is another important part of the jobs picture that was largely overlooked. There was a big jump in the number of people who report voluntarily working part-time. This figure is now 830000(44 percent)above its year ago level。
Before explaining the connection to the Obamacare it is worth making an important distinction. Many people who work part-time jobs actually want full-time jobs. They take part-time work because this is all they can get. An increase in involuntary part-time work is evidence of weakness in the labor market and it means that many people will behaving a very hard time making ends meet。
There was an increase in involuntary part-time in June but the general direction has been down. Involuntary part-time employment is still far higher than before the recession but it is down by 640000(7.9 percent)from its year ago level。
We know the difference between voluntary and involuntary part-time employment because people tell us. The survey used by the Labor Department asks people if they worked less than 35hours in the reference week. If the answer is “yes。”they are classified as working part-time. The survey then asks whether they worked less than 35 hours in that week because they wanted to work less than full time or because they had no choice. They are only classified as voluntary part-time workers if they tell the survey taker they chose to work less than 35 hours a week。
The issue of voluntary part-time relates to Obamacare because one of the main purposes was to allow people to get insurance outside of employment. For many people especially those with serious health conditions or family members with serious health conditions before Obamacare the only way to get insurance was through a job that provided health insurance。
However Obamacare has allowed more than 12 million people to either get insurance through Medicaid or the exchanges. These are people who may previously have felt the need to get a full-time job that provided insurance in order to cover themselves and their families. With Obamacare there is no longer a link between employment and insurance。
36. Which part of the jobs picture was neglected?
A. The prospect of a thriving job market。
B. The increase of voluntary part-time jobs。
C. The possibility of full employment。
D. The acceleration of job creation。
37. Many people work part-time because they
A. prefer part-time jobs to full-time jobs
B. feel that is enough to make ends meet
C. cannot get their hands on full-time jobs
D. haven' t seen the weakness of the market
38. Involuntary part-time employment in the US
A. is harder to acquire than one year ago
B. shows a general tendency of decline
C. satisfies the real need of the jobless
D. is lower than before the recession
39. It can be learned that with Obamacare 。
A. it is no longer easy for part-timers to get insurance
B. employment is no longer a precondition to get insurance
C. it is still challenging to get insurance for family members
D. full-time employment is still essential for insurance
40. The text mainly discusses 。
A. employment in the US
B. part-timer classification
C. insurance through Medicaid
D. Obamacare’s trouble
T4
36 B The increase of voluntary part-time jobs. 细节题定位到第二段第一句和第二句However, there is another important part of the jobs picture that was largely overlooked. 第二句there was a big jump in the number of people who report voluntarily working part time. 选项B是文章内容的同义替换。
37 C cannot get their hands on full-time jobs.细节题定位到第三段的第三句话they take part-time work because this is all they can get.可见C选项是文章内容的同义替换。
38. B: shows a general tendency of decline 细节题根据题干关键词involuntary part-time employment in the US定位到原文第四段,转折词但是总的方向是在下降。同意替换答案B,总的趋势是在下降。
39. B employment is no longer a precondition to get insurance 推断题根据题干关键词obamacare,定位到原文第6段第一句,自愿做兼职工作的问题与奥巴马的医疗政策有关,因为一个主要原因是允许人们在就业之外得到保险,同意替换答案就业不再是得到保险的一个前提。
40 B part-timer classification 主旨题本文主要讲美国人现在选择兼职工作人群分类,并分析其原因。首先,因为全职工作不好找,就业率总体还是在下降;另外,美国人是被迫选择兼职工作;最后,与奥巴马的的医疗政策有关,就业不再是得到保险的一个前提。
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