2018考研英语真题解析：写作提分因素“5步走”

　　虽然英语作文需要依靠日积夜累，但并不是说短时间内提高成绩不可能，只要考生在复习的时候能够抓住重点，一样可以在短时间内创造出高分奇迹。鉴于不少考生英语作文写作语言单调乏味、缺少变通。本文将结合往届考生的写作特点，并采用“五步走”的方法，希望能对广大考生写作时能达到事半功倍的效果。

　　第一步：非限制性定语从句的使用

　　1.Nowadays,the call for quality-oriented education is becoming widespread and the drawbacks of test-oriented education,which have aroused great concern throughout China,are becoming increasingly apparent.

　　2.This trend began during the Second World War，when several governments came to the conclusion that the specific demands that a government wants to make of its scientific establishment cannot generally be foreseen in detail.

　　逗号前后是我们写作时构造复杂多变、精彩生动句子结构的突破口。上述两例中我们合理巧妙地运用了非限制性定语从句，使前后两个分句有机地连接起来，显得连贯、自然。例1用关系代词which 代替逗号前整个分句的意思。这样就把原本要用两个句子来表达的信息通过定语从句压缩为一个主从复合句，显得简洁、精炼。例2中逗号前先行词是表时间，因此用关系代词when引导非限制性定语从句，将主要信息移置逗号之后，取得“末尾聚焦”的效果。其实考生们对于非限制性定语从句的用法不可谓不熟，但可能就是缺乏用多种手段衔接分句的意识。

　　第二步：非谓语动词做状语的使用

　　1.Parents are eager to control their kids,ignoring their individuality with a rigorous attitude toward their personal development.

　　2.School—age children are often seen carrying bags on their backs,weighed down on their way to and from school every day.

　　非谓语动词有四种变现形式，即动词不定式、现在分词、过去分词和动名词。利用这几种非谓语动词形式(动名词不能做状语除外)做状语，能很好地突出信息，取得信息“末尾聚焦”的效果。例1用现在分词做结果状语，表示一种必然的发展趋势，即结果在意料之中。例2用过去分词做伴随状语，将饱受应试教育摧残的学龄儿童那苦不堪言的情形栩栩如生地勾勒了出来，辛辣的嘲讽宛然可见。非谓语动词做状语到底放在前还是放在后似乎没有绝对的要求。但一般来说，做伴随状语时可前可后但做原因状语时放在前面较多，做时间状语时一般放在句子前，做结果状语时一般放在后半分句，做条件状语时一般放在前面分句，等等。

　　第三步：同位语或插入语的使用

　　1.By contrast，when removed from the greenhouse，the protective umbrella，it struggles helplessly against the sudden attack of storms，only to wither away.

　　2.Specifically，the number 6’，as they strongly believe，is closely associated with smoothness in the Chinese culture.

　　同位语或插入语一般插在主谓语之间，一般由名词词组(例l)、介词词组(如in my opinion，in other words等)、从句(例2)、不定式短语(例3)、现在分词(例4)短语充当。它们能起到补充说明的作用。除此之外，插入语还可对整句话表示解释，如：

　　3.There were twenty people present，to be precise.(不定式短语做插入语)

　　4. Roughly speaking，these countries are the most densely—populated in Asia.(现在分词短语做插入语)

　　第四步：With结构的使用

　　1.We now live in a society where competition in the job market rages，with graduates and job-hunters from all walks Of life scrambling for desirable jobs

　　2.As described in the picture.an American girl is wearing a Chinese costume characteristic of some minority group， with a sweet smile on her face.

　　3.These children can set their hearts at ease，with everything well—arranged by their parents.

　　4.He entered upon the new enterprise cautiously，with his eyes wide open.

　　With结构总的说来有五种形式，即：With+名(代)词+现在分词(例1)，With+名(代)词+过去分词(例3)，With+名(代)词+介词短语(例2)，With+名(代)词+副词或形容词(例4)，With+名(代)词+不定式。With结构可表原因(例1、3)、伴随或方式(例2、4)、等。

　　第五步：独立主格结构的使用

　　1.Rosy dreams shattered，they are bewildering at the junction：“To be or not to be? That is the question”一Hamlet’s perplexed monologue is echoing in their ears.

　　2. “Just listen to this，”she says，her eyes glowing，her fingers pressed to my palm to hold my attention

　　3.The U.S.population expanding dramatically，the species of its wildlife has Witnessed a —corresp0nding decline in a span of two centuries.

　　4.He went off，gun in hand

　　5.The meal over，prayers were read by Miss Miller.

　　两个或两个以上分句间如果主语不一致时要用独立主格结构。所谓“独立主格结构”实质就是带自己主语的非限定分句和无动词分句。它按结构形式分为不定式“独立结构”、一ing分词“独立结构”(例2、3)、一ed分词“独立结构”(例1、2)和无动词“独立结构”，即名(代)词+介词短语(例4)、名(代)词+副词(例5)或形容词。

　　考研英语写作短期提分比较难，但是掌握这“5步走”会让你的写作真正成为你的“写作”，让你的作文眼前一亮，分数提高也只是时间问题。

　　本文为跨考教育英语教研室金哲老师原创，转载请注明出处。