2010考研法硕英语冲刺样题及答案细解（四）

　　Passage Three

　　Death rates for cancer are falling for all Americans. But black Americans are still more likely to die of cancer than whites, the American Cancer Society said Monday.

　　In a special report on cancer and blacks, the organization said blacks are usually diagnosed with cancer later than whites, and they are more likely to die of the disease.

　　This could be because of unequal access to medical Care. Because blacks are more likely to have other diseases as well, and perhaps because of differences in the biology of the can cancer itself, the report added.

　　"In general, black Americans have less hope of surviving five years after diagnosis thrill whites for all cancer sites and all stages of diagnosis."The report said.

　　"In describing cancer statistics for black Americans, this report recognizes that many of the differences associated with race may be caused by unfair social and economic differences and unequal access to medical care.'

　　The cancer society said blacks should be encouraged to get check-ups earlier, when cancer is more treatable. And it said more research is needed to see if biological differences play a role.

　　''The new statistics emphasize the continuing importance of wiping out these unfair social differences through public policy and education efforts," the organization said in a statement.

　　But it also noted a top in cancer death rates.

　　"Cancer death rates in both sexes for all sites combined have dropped greatly among black Americans since 1992, as has incidence rates," said the report.

　　41. Black Americans arc more likely to die of cancer than _____.

　　A. people in other countries B. white Americans

　　C. all other American D. their ancestors

　　42. Which may NOT be a reason for higher cancer death rates among US blacks?

　　A. Unequal access to medical Care. B. Greater probability of having other diseases.

　　C. Differences in the biology of the cancer. D. Early diagnosis.

　　43. Cancer is more treatable if it is detected _____.

　　A. in an early stage B. in a late stage

　　C. all of a sudden D. together with other diseases

　　44. Public policy and education efforts may help to do away with _____.

　　A. death rates B. various cancers

　　C. unfair social differences D. biological differences

　　45. Since 1992, cancer death rates among black Americans _____.

　　A. have been going up and down B. have remained stable

　　C. have increased D. have fallen

　　Passage Four

　　The term could yet become the word of the year; stress is on everyone's lips these days and everywhere. Not only managers, officials and teachers are complaining nowadays, housewives, children and pensioners now also have their own problems. They too sacrifice themselves for others, feel under-or overworked and quickly lose their inner balance. Irritation, tiredness and exhaustion quickly follow. But that is only the negative aspect. Stress, after all, is also linked to positive terms such as joy of life, tension and vitality.

　　"Firstly, stress is healthy," says Wolfgang Stehling from Eltvelle. The doctor and management consultant says:" It occurs when the body loses its inner balance, but then stress hormones are produced to re-establish the balance." Thus stress is nothing more than a positive reaction of the body to pressure. It is unavoidable as part of our nature, "There is no such thing as a stress-free life."

　　But whether stress leads to tensions in the mind or to tenseness of the muscles depends on the duration, its cause or causes and the sufferer's personal situation. People who have trouble sleeping or suffer from bad moods or simply the flu will not be on top of the world and will take every little strife as negative stress. Others, people who feel refreshed at every new turn, are relaxed and successful, will view a difficult round of negotiations or competition at work more as a positive challenge than a cross to bear.

　　Exercise, healthy eating and relaxing are thus the three pillars by which stress can be conquered almost every time. These factors form a unit, explains Marita Voelker-Albert, spokeswoman for the government's Nutrition Advice Center in Cologne. Its campaign "Gut Drauf"(Feeling Good) is targeted at young people. The government agency's research suggests that three out of four adolescents feel tired, overtaxed and under stress. Eating disorders and complaints such as migraines and indigestion, nervousness and concentration problems have increased among 12-to 16-year-olds.

　　But even the best solutions don't work if they are not put into practice, says Stehling. Anybody who goes jogging regularly, practices yoga and prescribes good literature as a cure for negative stress, may well end up under more pressure as he tries to find the time for it all. Sometimes, says the consultant, it helps to take time out to reduce stress levels over a weekend.

　　46. Which of the following is NOT a correct view on stress?

　　A. Stress has both positive and negative aspects.

　　B. Stress is only a positive reaction of the body to pressure.

　　C. Stress only leads to serious problems.

　　D. Stress is unavoidable as part of our nature.

　　47. A person who has lost his inner balance may soon feel _____.

　　A. fit and healthy B. under-or overworked

　　C. relaxed and happy D. irritated, tired and exhausted

　　48. Who will easily take every little strife as negative stress?

　　A. Those who suffer from the flu. B. Those who are in good moods.

　　C. Those who are successful. D. Those who feel refreshed at every new turn.

　　49. All the following complaints are said to have increased among children aged 12 to 16 EXPECT _____.

　　A. painful headache B. indigestion

　　C. nervousness and concentration problems D. loss of memory

　　50. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a possible cure for negative stress?

　　A. Reading good literature. B. Practicing yoga.

　　C. Having a healthy diet . D. Working overtime.

　　Part IV Cloze Test (15 minutes, 10 points)

　　Directions: There are 10 blanks in the following passage. For each numbered blank, there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best one and mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center.

　　If you have a baby __51__ the way, you'll need to know about working while __52__, when to tell your employer you're pregnant.

　　I think the best time to tell your employer is when you need to and when the time is right for you. It __53__ be when you're starting to show, when your employer may need to __54__ accommodations for your pregnancy, when you need time __55__ for the doctor or need to take disability __56__. Personally, I'm in favor of being open with your employer. I told my boss as soon as my pregnancy was __57__ and I had only been working for my employer for a couple of months.

　　For me, it was easier to plan doctor visits and a maternity leave __58__ stressing over it because I didn't want to mention the pregnancy. On the other hand, I know people who have waited for months and that __59__ fine too.

　　As a case in my company, I __60__ a person who didn't tell us she was pregnant. She took lots of time off from work, was very ill with morning sickness and because we had no clue what was happening, we were afraid she was deathly ill. We would have been much happier knowing she was pregnant!

　　51. A. by B. in C. under D. on

　　52. A. are pregnant B. pregnant C. being pregnancy D. pregnancy

　　53. A. could B. must C. should D. shall

　　54. A. work B. go C. take D. make

　　55. A. off B. away C. down D. over

　　56. A. left B. body C. rest D. leave

　　57. A. confirming B. confirmed C. to confirm D. confirm

　　58. A. with B. by C. without D. in

　　59. A. worked out B. worked at C. figured out D. figured in

　　60. A. thought B. supervised C. superb D. superiority

　　Paper Two

　　Part V Translation (30 minutes, 10 points)

　　Directions: Translate the following passage into Chinese and put your translation on the ANSWER SHEET.

　　In a study, Hamer and his colleagues combined measurements of tobacco exposure focused on mental health issues. They found that nonsmokers exposed to tobacco smoke were more likely to experience psychiatric distress, and that the mental health issues increased along with the tobacco exposure.

　　"We found that people with high exposure to second hand smoke had increased levels of depression and anxiety," says Hamer.

　　They also found that people exposed to second-hand smoke were more likely to be admitted to a hospital for a psychiatric illness than people without the exposure to tobacco smoke.

　　To accurately assess the level of second-hand smoke exposure, researchers tested for cotinine(可替宁), which is produced when nicotine is metabolized. But they also asked the people in the study where they were exposed to tobacco smoke. Perhaps surprisingly, says Hamer, the answer wasn't at work, restaurants, or pubs.

　　"The people that are at the highest level of passive smoke are actually the ones reporting exposure in their own homes. So in other words, if you live with a smoker, you really are at very high risk of demonstrating high levels of second-hand smoke exposure."

　　Part VI Writing (30 minutes, 15 points)

　　Directions: You are to write in no less than 120 words about the title "Keeping Pets". You should base your composition on the outline given in Chinese below.

　　1. 有些人赞成养宠物

　　2. 有些人反对养宠物

　　3. 你的观点