2020考研英语冲刺押题：阅读理解预测（五）

　　众所周知，在考研英语中，得阅读者，得英语，考研英语阅读是分值最高的一考题，所以考生需要掌握大量的词汇，同时要有丰富的阅读经验，尤其是外刊杂志。所以今天给大家整理了来自于英美国家的报刊杂志文章，进行2020考研英语阅读预测，希望对大家有帮助。

　　《卫报》，是考研英语阅读四大话题之一的“文化历史教育类”。请大家仔细阅读文章，学会快速抓住文章大意和段落大意，区分细节和关键信息句，以此来提高阅读技能。

　　原文期刊：卫报

　　原文标题：Ad tech is killing the online experience

　　文章论述了广告科技在隐私侵犯，价值利用，广告推送等方面给用户网络体验造成的诸多困扰，批驳了广告科技唯利是图，置用户实际体验于不顾的自私行为。文章采用情景假设——提出问题——分析问题——提出建议的思路展开，用例证、对比等方式论证了广告科技的弊端和采取措施保护隐私的必要性。文章语言相对较为简单，结构清晰明了，从侵犯隐私和追逐利益等角度作为切入点，贴近实际，读者也可以借此了解科技广告的运作模式和由此带来的弊端。

　　PART 1

　　原文

　　Ⅰ①There’s something so wonderfully easy about reading this column in a physical newspaper. ②You turned the page, and here it is, with few annoyances or distractions, in an ultra-high-definition typeface which was custom-designed with pleasurable reading in mind. ③Or – wait – are you reading this on a phone? ④Did you follow a link from Twitter, or Facebook? ⑤Or maybe you’re on a train, or a plane, or you’re trying to use your laptop on your cousin’s crappy Wi-Fi connection out in the countryside somewhere. ⑥In which case, there’s a pretty good chance that even getting this far is some kind of minor miracle.

　　Ⅱ①When talking about the economics of online publishing, the first thing to remember is that job No 1 isn’t to get the news to you.②Rather, it is to monetise you, by selling you off, in real time, to the highest bidder.③This happens every time you click on a link, before the page has even started to load on your phone. ④Once upon a time, if you and I both visited the same web page at the same time using the same web browser, we would end up seeing the same thing. ⑤Today, however, an almost unthinkably enormous ecosystem of scripts and cookies and auctions and often astonishingly personal information is used to show you a set of brand messages and sales pitches which are tailored almost uniquely to you.

　　Ⅲ①That ecosystem raises important questions about privacy and just general creepiness —— the way that the minute you look at a pair of shoes online, for instance, they then start following you around every other website you visit for weeks. ②But whether or not you value your privacy, you are damaged, daily, by the sheer weight of all that technology.

　　Ⅳ①Online ads have never got less annoying over time, and you can be sure that mobile ads are going to get more annoying as well, once Silicon Valley has worked out how to better identify who you are. ②The move to greater privacy protections might help slow the pace with which such technologies are adopted. ③But there’s no realistic hope that websites will actually improve from here. ④If you want to avoid the dreadful experience of the mobile web, you’ll only have one choice —— which is to start reading your articles natively, in the Facebook or Apple News app. ⑤But it won’t be Facebook and Apple who killed the news brands. ⑥ It’ll be ad tech.

　　PART 2

　　词汇短语

　　1. distraction [dɪ'strækʃ(ə)n] n. 注意力分散;消遣;心烦意乱

　　2. ultra-high-definition 超高清的

　　3. *crappy ['kræpɪ] adj. 蹩脚的;糟糕的;没价值的

　　4. *monetise ['mʌnitaiz] vt. 使货币化;把…定位法定货币

　　5. bidder['bɪdə]n . 投标人;出价人;命令者

　　6. cookies ['kʊkiz] n. 储存在用户本地终端上的数据

　　7. tailor ['teɪlə] vt. 剪裁、使合适;n. 裁缝;vi. 做裁缝

　　8. *creepiness ['kriːpɪnis] n. 毛骨悚然

　　9. dreadful['dredfʊl; -f(ə)l] adj. 可怕的;糟透的，令人不快的

　　(注：标*为超纲词汇)

　　PART 3

　　翻译点评

　　Ⅰ①There’s something so wonderfully easy about reading this column in a physical newspaper. ②You turned the page, and here it is, with few annoyances or distractions, in an ultra-high-definition typeface which was custom-designed with pleasurable reading in mind. ③Or – wait – are you reading this on a phone? ④Did you follow a link from Twitter, or Facebook? ⑤Or maybe you’re on a train, or a plane, or you’re trying to use your laptop on your cousin’s crappy Wi-Fi connection out in the countryside somewhere. ⑥In which case, there’s a pretty good chance that even getting this far is some kind of minor miracle.

　　翻译：在纸质版上看这篇专栏似乎是件轻而易举的事，你只需要打开报纸就能看到，超高清的字体满足了读者们舒适的阅读体验，没有外界烦扰，也没有其他让人分心的东西。或者——等等——你是在手机上阅读的?有没有点进推特和脸书的链接?或许你现在在火车或飞机上，又或者是在乡下某个地方，试图用你表兄弟糟糕的wifi网来连接你的手提电脑?如果是这样的话，你能读到这儿已经是一个小小的奇迹了。

　　点评：选文第一段用情景再现和类比的手法，将纸质版舒适的阅读体验与智能设备上被广告不断骚扰后糟糕的阅读体验作对比，表达了作者对网络广告造成的不良影响表示强烈不满。①②句先描述了一幅阅读纸质版图书时舒适的阅读体验，so wonderfully easy(轻而易举)，few annoyances or distraction(免受广告的烦扰)，custom-designed(为顾客量身定做的，custom，adj. 定做的)，ultra-high-definition typeface(超高清的字体)，pleasurable reading(舒适阅读)等将纸质版的极致阅读体验描述得淋漓尽致。③句话锋一转，以疑问句的形式由极致的纸质版阅读体验过渡到智能设备的阅读上，引出下文糟糕的阅读体验描述。④⑤句具体描述在智能设备上糟糕的阅读体验：不时被推特脸书等烦扰，信号糟糕透顶，网页刷不开等，与前文舒适的纸质版阅读体验形成鲜明对比，暗示下文将要对智能设备上的“恼人”因素进行批判。⑥句作总结：能阅读到现在已经很不容易了。注意，第一段用you第二人称的方式，拉近了与读者间的距离，使读者仿佛有身临其境的感受。

　　Ⅱ①When talking about the economics of online publishing, the first thing to remember is that job No 1 isn’t to get the news to you.②Rather, it is to monetise you, by selling you off, in real time, to the highest bidder.③This happens every time you click on a link, before the page has even started to load on your phone. ④Once upon a time, if you and I both visited the same web page at the same time using the same web browser, we would end up seeing the same thing. ⑤Today, however, an almost unthinkably enormous ecosystem of scripts and cookies and auctions and often astonishingly personal information is used to show you a set of brand messages and sales pitches which are tailored almost uniquely to you.

　　翻译：谈到网络出版刊物的经济学理念，首先要知道的是他们的首要任务绝非是要新闻报道给你。相反，他们只是想利用你的价值，把你卖给出价更高的人。每次你点开链接，手机上的网页还没打开，你就已经被卖了。很久以前，用同一浏览器同时浏览同一网页的两个人，所看到的内容肯定是一样的。然而现在，一大波汹涌而来的文字、cookie资料、拍卖广告和其他大量的个人信息被提取出来，用个性化的服务定制了专属你的品牌和销售广告。

　　点评：第二段集中批判智能设备中植入的广告科技给读者带来的一系列隐患。①句总起说明网上出版物的理念绝非是报道新闻，而是经济利益(economics of online publishing )驱动的。②句具体说明利益驱动的实质是利用读者的价值，作为消费群体卖给更高的出价者。monetise(take advantage of the value of people or things) 一词形象地说明网络广告的真正嘴脸只是利益。③用实际情形例证②句，具体说明读者的经济价值是如何被利用的。④句回忆过去大家不被广告侵扰，界面一致的体验，与⑤句个人信息被大量泄露，被个性化定制的品牌和销售广告侵扰体验形成鲜明对比，怀古旨在抚今，暗含了作者对广告科技的强烈不满。

　　Ⅲ①That ecosystem raises important questions about privacy and just general creepiness —— the way that the minute you look at a pair of shoes online, for instance, they then start following you around every other website you visit for weeks. ②But whether or not you value your privacy, you are damaged, daily, by the sheer weight of all that technology.

　　翻译：在这样的模式下，关于隐私侵犯和其他令人毛骨悚然的事情开始显露——比如，你刚上网浏览一双鞋的信息，那接下来的几周，关于这双鞋的信息会不时出现在你的屏幕上。不管你重不重视自己的隐私问题，你已经每天被这种网络技术压的喘不过气来。

　　点评：第三段是对一二段现象描述的升华，提出文章中心议题：隐私被侵犯。creepiness(horrible things)一词形象地说明了隐私侵犯给大家造成的心理恐慌。①句破折号前指出隐私被侵犯这一议题，破折号后是对隐私被侵犯的实际例证——浏览历史会一直保存并长时间出现在界面上。②指出这一现象的恶劣结果：我们被无处不在的广告科技压得闯不过气来。

　　Ⅳ①Online ads have never got less annoying over time, and you can be sure that mobile ads are going to get more annoying as well, once Silicon Valley has worked out how to better identify who you are. ②The move to greater privacy protections might help slow the pace with which such technologies are adopted. ③But there’s no realistic hope that websites will actually improve from here. ④If you want to avoid the dreadful experience of the mobile web, you’ll only have one choice —— which is to start reading your articles natively, in the Facebook or Apple News app. ⑤But it won’t be Facebook and Apple who killed the news brands. ⑥ It’ll be ad tech.

　　翻译：网络广告一直都很恼人，但我保证，一旦硅谷方面研发出如何更好地追踪到你的位置，手机广告将变得更加烦人。保护隐私所采取的措施或许可以减缓此种技术投入使用的进度。但想就这样免受网络广告的烦扰似乎是不大实际的。如果你想逃离这可怕的手机网络广告，你只有一条路可以走——也就是在脸书或者苹果新闻应用上读文章。但这并不意味着脸书或者苹果毁掉了这些新闻品牌，而是广告技术本身。

　　点评：最后一段针对日益恼人的广告科技提出了可能性的解决措施。①句描述了一旦追踪技术进步到如何更好定位客户位置，手机广告会越来越恼人的发展趋势，论证了下文提出解决措施的必要性。②句点出第一条可能性的解决措施：隐私保护。③but话锋一转，随即又提出了隐私保护对免受网络广告的烦扰无济于事，进而④句提出第二个解决方案：放弃新闻品牌，傻傻在脸书或者推特上看新闻。dreadful(causing fear ordread or terror)回应前文的creepiness，同义复现的形式强调了广告科技对读者造成的侵扰。⑤⑥句说明转战脸书或者推特也是无奈之举，真正的罪魁祸首还是广告科技本身。

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