对外经济贸易大学国际贸易学2004年考研真题-跨考考研

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对外经济贸易大学

2004年攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试

国际贸易学综合试题 (试题代码：4123)

一、判断(正确的划√，错误的划×。每题1分，共5分)

  1．在均衡的国民收入水平上，非计划存货投资必须等于零，且计划投资与实际投资必须相等。 (   )

  2．当政府对某一行业的产品实施最低限价政策时，通常会导致该行业的供给减少，市场需求增加。(   )

  3．按照国际商会《2000年通则》的规定，如果买方想采用铁路运输，愿意办理进出口清关手续并担其中的费用，买方可以采用FCA贸易术语。 (   )

  4．根据国际惯例，保兑行审核单证无误而付款后，若开证行倒闭或无理拒付，则保兑行有要向受益人索回货款。 (     )

  5．2002年8月国际货币基金组织有关数据表明，中国是2001年黄金储备增长最多的国家。 (     )

二、单项选择 (每题1分，共5分)

1．垄断厂商面对两个相互独立、需要弹性不同的市场时，为获取最大利润，厂商应该实行 (   )。

  A．同一价格                         B．一级价格歧视

  C．二级价格歧视                     D．三级价格歧视

2．厂商对要素的需求取决于 (    )

  A．要素的边际生产力                 B．产品的价格

  C．要素的平均产量                   D．要素的供给量

3．一切险与水渍险各项保险责任的不同之处在于 (    ) 的赔偿。

  A．自然灾害所造成的单独海损         B．意外事故所造成的全部或部分损失

  C．一般外来原因所造成的损失         D．特殊外来原因所造成的损失

4．下列哪一项属于国际收支的长期性不平衡：(      )

  A．结构性不平衡                     B．收入性不平衡

  C．周期性不平衡                     D．货币性不平衡

5．下列属于三级储备资产的有：(    )

  A．活期存款                         B．短期存款

  C．黄金储备                         D．普通提款权

三、多项选择 (选择错误或选择不完全均不给分，每题2分，共10分)

1．对于生产函Q=f(L，K)和成本方程C=w. L+r.K来说，在最优的生产要素组合点上应该有(   )。

A．等产量曲线和等成本线相切

2．按《UCP500》规定，除非另有约定，卖方不得提交(     )。

 A．舱面提单                 B．已装船提单

C．清洁提单                D．不清洁提单

E．指示提单

3．一项合同成立的有效条件包括 (     )。

  A．当事人必须具有签订合同的行为能力       B．合同必须有对价或约因

  C．合同的内容必须合法                     D．合同必须符合法律规定的形式

  E．合同当事人的意思表示必须真实

4．在下列IME贷款类型中，属于普通贷款的是：(      )

  A．缓冲库存贷款                          B．中期贷款

  C．信托基金贷款                          D．补充贷款

5．下列能在合同有效期任何一天交割的有：(     )

  A．欧式期权                             B．美式期权

  C．择期                                 D．远期合同

四、名词解释 (每题4分，共16分)

1．经济增长的黄金分割率

2．纳什均衡

3．一价定律

4．寄售

五、简述题 (每题10分，共30分)

 1．新凯恩斯主义是如何解释价格和工资粘性的？由此提出的经济稳定政策是什么？

 2．简述产业内贸易说的核心内容。

 3．特里芬两难为何构成布雷顿森林体系的致命缺陷？

六、论述与分析题(第1、2 题第题各10分，第3题14分，共34分)

1．美国对包括钢铁、汽车及纺织品在内的许多产品实行配额。经济学家们估算通过拍卖配额权，美国财政部每年至少获得100亿美元的收入。假定美国的服装市场在无贸易条件下，国内的服装均衡价格为8美元/1单位，交易数量为200单位。而服装的世界市场价格为4美元/1单位。美国在自由贸易条件下，美国的服装价格降至4美元，国内生产者只供给100单位，需进口200单位才能满足国内需求。现假定美国政府的服装配额为100单位，并将配额按一年的进口量分配给各进口国。请图示对美国的服装配额进行分析。

   （1）美国的服装交易量各价格将是多少？

   （2）配额导致的效率损失是多少？

   （3）拍卖配额权会带来什么影响？

2．我某进出口公司于5月15日向外商A发盘并限其18日复到我方。A于16日上午10时向当地邮局交发关于接受我方发盘的电报。但由于当地邮局工人罢工，该电报在传递途中延误到22日才送达我方。我公司认为对方答复逾期，未予置理，并将货物以较高价格售予外商B。5月25日，A来电称：信用证已经开出，要求我方尽早出运货物。我方立即复电A，声明接受到达过晚，双方并不存在合同关系。同此，双方发生争执。试根据《联合国国际货物销售合同公约》的有关规定，分析双方孰是孰非？并说明理由。

3．试析战略性外购(strategic outsourcing ) 的合理性。

七、专业英语(英译中，每题25分，共50分)

1．The Taylor Rule: Could RobotReplace Alan Greenspan?

      Macroeconomist JohnTaylor of Stanford University Calls for a

      New Monetary Rule ThatWould Institutionalize Appropriate Fed

      Policy Responses toChanges in Real Output and Inflation.

In ourdiscussion of rules versus discretion, “rules” were associated with a passive monetaryPolicy-one in which the monetary rule required that the Fed expand the moneysupply at a fixed annual rate regardless of the state of the economy. “Discretion”on the other hand, was associated which the Fed changed the interest rate inresponse to actual or anticipated changes in the economy

EconomistJohn Taylor has put a new twist on the rule-versus-discretion debate bysuggestion a hybrid policy rule that dictates the precise active monetaryactions the Fed should take when changes in the economy occur. This so-called Taylor rule combinestraditional monetarism, with its emphasis on a monetary rule, and the moremainstream view that active monetary policy is a useful tool taming inflationand limiting recession. Unlike the Friedman monetary rule, the Taylor rule holds, for example,that monetary policy should respond to changes in both real GDP and inflation,not simply inflation. The key adjustment instrument is the interest rate, notthe money supply.

The Taylor rule has threeparts:

●  If real GDP rises 1 percentabove potential GDP, the Fed should raise the Federal Funds rate                                                                        

   (the interbank interest rate of overnightloans), relative to the current inflation rate, by. 5 percent.

●    If inflation rises by 1 percentabove its target of 2 percent, then the Fed should raise the Federal funds rateby. 5 percent relative to the inflation rate.

●    When the real GDP is equal topotential GDP and inflation is equal to its target rate of 2 percent, theFederal funds rate remain at about 4 percent, which would imply a real interestrate of 2 percent.

Taylor has neither suggested norimplied that a robot, programmed with the Taylorrule, should replace Alan Greenspan, chairman of the Federal System. The Fed’sdiscretion to override the rule (or “contingency plan for policy”) would beretained, but the Fed would have to explain why its policies diverged from therule. So the rule would remove the “mystery” associated with monetary policyand increase the Fed’s accountability. Also, says Taylor, if used consistently, the rule wouldenable market participants to predict Fed behavior, and this would increase Fedcredibility and reduce uncertainty.

Criticsof the Taylorrule admit it is more in tune with countercyclical Fed policy than withFriedman’s simple monetary rule. But they see no reason to limit the Fed’sdiscretion in adjusting interest rates as it sees fit to achieve stabilizationand growth. Monetary policy may be more art than science. The critics also pointout that the Fed has done a remarkable job of promoting price stability, fullemployment, and economic growth over the past decade. In view of this success,they ask, “Why saddle the Fed with a highly mechanical monetary rule?”

2. Petition of the Candlemakers, 1845

French Economist Frederic Bastiat (1801-1850)Devastated the

Proponents of Protectionism bySatirically Extending Their

Reasoning to Its Logical and AbsurdConclusions.

Petition of the Manufacturers of Candles,Waxlights, Lamps, Candlesticks, Street Lamps, Snuffers, Extinguishers, and ofthe Producers of Oil Tallow, Rosin, Alcohol, and, Generally, of EverythingConnected with Lighting.

TO MESSIEURS THE MEMBERS OF THE CHAMBER OF DEPUTIES.

Gentlemen-Youare on the right road. You reject abstract theories, and have littleconsideration for cheapness and plenty. Your chief care is the interest ofproducer. You desire to emancipate him from external competition, and reservethe national market for national industry.

We are aboutto offer you an admirable opportunity of applying your-what shall we call it?No; nothing is more deceptive than theory; your doctrine? Your system? yourprinciple? but you dislike doctrines, you abhor systems, and as principles, youdeny that there are any in social economy: we shall say, then, your practice,your practice without theory and without principle.

We aresuffering from the intolerable competition of a foreign rival, placed, it wouldseem, in a condition so far superior to ours for the production of light, thatthe absolutely inundates our national market with it at a price fabulouslyreduced. The moment he shows himself, our trade leaves us-all consumers applyto him; and a branch of native industry, having countless ramifications, is allonce rendered completely stagnant. This rival…is no other than the Sun.

What wepray for is, that is may please you to pass a law ordering the shuttling up allof windows, skylights, dormer windows, outside and inside shutters, curtains,blinds, bull’s-eyes; in a word, of all openings holes, chinks, clefts, andfissures, by or through which the light of the sun has been in use to enterhouses, to the prejudice of the meritorious manufacturers with which we flatterourselves we have accommodated our country, -a country which, in gratitude,ought not to abandon us now to a strife so unequal.

If moretallow is consumed, then there must be more oxen and sheep; and consequently,we shall be hold the multiplication of artificial meadows, meat, wool, hides,and, above all, manure, which is the basis and foundation of all agriculturalwealth.

The sameremark applies to navigation. Thousands of vessels will proceed to the whalefishery; and, in a short time, we shall possess a navy capable of maintainingthe honor of France,and gratifying the patriotic aspirations of your petitioners, the undersignedcandlemakers and others.

Onlyhave the goodness to reflect, Gentlemen, and you will be convinced that thereis perhaps, no Frenchman, from the wealth coalmaster to humblest vender of Lucifermatches, whose lot will be ameliorated by success of this our petition.

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