2014考研英语:新题型全面解读(二)

　　对于新题型的复习方法，专家们已经总结出许多建议了，无论是整体上，还是针对各个类型题的。下面，小编和大家一起把新题型进行一个整体的梳理，让考生们对新题型有个更全面的了解，备考起来更有方向。　　

　　七、八大必备解题技巧

　　填空式阅读的五道题目中，一般有两道题考查连贯性，这种题对语言基础要求不高，只要熟悉英语中实现语篇连贯的显性连接标志，就可以迅速定位。排序题也有些做题规律技巧。所以，语言基础薄弱的同学，掌握一些必备的做题技巧，对于考试而言，还是非常关键的。最常见的做题技巧有八种：

　　1、“亲近原则”。瞻前顾后，在文章空白处的上下文中寻找解题的线索，可根据大家非常熟悉的做完形填空的方法，有些题可以直接根据亲近原则找到答案，非常迅速快捷，准确性也高。

　　2、“数字时间和首字母大写原则”。出现数字、时间、年代等词语以及首字母大写(包括人名、地点、组织等)的单词时，大家要把它们划出来，要注意文章中的数字、时间、年代、首字母大写的词汇和选项中的数字、时间、年代、首字母大写词汇要保持上下文一致;尤其是数字(包括具体数字以及和数字相关的词汇诸如ratio，rate等等)，我们要列出数字，除了和其它数字进行对比和比较之外，还可以用数据来说明一个观点。大家可根据推导数字时间就能够把答案简单选出。

　　3、“代词和逻辑连词原则”。指示代词，因为是指代前面的内容，所以一般不能作为段落的开头，它是选项和原文实现衔接关系的必备词。代词，主要考察指代关系。线索词包括人称代词，特别是第三人称代词(it，its，he，his，him，she，her，they，their，需要注意的是，it本身可以指代天气、时间并且可以做形式主语，此时，不作为词汇线索)、指示代词(this，that，these，those，注意this和 that都可以指代一个句子)以及both、all、each、either、neither等词汇。并列关系、转折、让步、因果关系为考试中出现的最多的逻辑关系。所以大家要对这些上下文关系词保持敏感。也要求大家对选项中的和空前、空后的代词保持极其敏感，它是使全文保持一致的关键。

　　4、“选项类似排除原则”。如果有两个选项非常的相似，那么肯定有一个是正确答案，有一个是不正确答案，大家的选择范围就缩短了，正确率就随之提高了。

　　5、“词汇重现原则”。包括简单的重复即原词重复和高雅的重复(elegant repetition)即使用同义词或者上下义词(范畴的扩大或者缩小)等。如果一个选项中的单词与文章中的核心词汇重现比较多或意思相近的词汇比较多，那么这个选项就成为优先选项，往往就是正确答案。

　　6、“无关选项排除原则”。做7选5填空的时候，如果有文章没有涉及到的话题，建议大家最好使用排除原则，先不要选，放到一边，这样就可以由易到难地去解题。5选5排序题只需要做对四个就可以了，最后一个答案不用做就水到渠成;

　　7、结构并列和对比对称原则。如选项与原文的句式和结构保持一致，比如出现排比，对称等关系，或多处位置结构都很相近，此选项是优先选项。我们也要注意积累一些比较类词汇：如 same，identical，as，equal，such，similar，different，other，otherwise，else等等。要对这些词汇特别熟悉。如2006年考研英语第42题，选项中的such evidence就是做题关键。

　　8、排序题下下策原则。什么叫下下策，就是这个方法只建议大家在时间不够或自己根本就看不懂文章不知道如何解答的情况下使用，我们蒙也要蒙的科学，蒙的准确率要高。因为排序题是5选5，所以如果五道题目全部选择同一个答案的话，那么你至少可以做对一道，获得2分。当然，以此类推，当考生在5个题目中只有1个或2个或3个确定的情况下，就把剩余的所有题目均选同一个选项，这样至少可以选对一道题。否则极有可能剩余的题目全部猜错，考研的每一分都相当宝贵，不要浪费。当大家遇到前面的题目不会做的情况，建议大家可以先跳过，接着做后面的题目，不用按照题目的顺序答题。

　　下面有一篇大纲样题，比较典型。大家可以运用上面的注意事项以及讲解的解题方法技巧实战训练一下：

　　Long before Man lived on the Earth, there were fishes, reptiles, birds, insects, and some mammals. Although some of these animals were ancestors of kinds living today, others are now extinct, that is, they have no descendants alive now. 41).Very occasionally the rocks show impression of skin, so that, apart from color, we can build up a reasonably accurate picture of an animal that died millions of years ago. That kind of rock in which the remains are found tells us much about the nature of the original land, often of the plants that grew on it, and even of its climate.

　　42).Nearly all of the fossils that we know were preserved in rocks formed by water action, and most of these are of animals that lived in or near water. Thus it follows that there must be many kinds of mammals, birds, and insects of which we know nothing.

　　43).There were also crablike creatures, whose bodies were covered with a horny substance. The body segments each had two pairs of legs, one pair for walking on the sandy bottom, the other for swimming. The head was a kind of shield with a pair of compound eyes, often with thousands of lenses. They were usually an inch or two long but some were 2 feet.

　　44). Of these, the ammonites are very interesting and important. They have a shell composed of many chambers, each representing a temporary home of the animal. As the young grew larger it grew a new chamber and sealed off the previous one. Thousands of these can be seen in the rocks on the Dorset Coast.

　　45).About 75 million years ago the Age of Reptiles was over and most of the groups died out. The mammals quickly developed, and we can trace the evolution of many familiar animals such as the elephant and horse. Many of the later mammals though now extinct, were known to primitive man and were featured by him in cave paintings and on bone carvings.>>>2014考研全程辅导