考研英语：历年真题阅读要点之1993-Text 2

　　In general, our society is becoming one of giant enterprises directed by a bureaucratic (官僚主义的) management in which man becomes a small, well-oiled cog in the machinery. The oiling is done with higher wages, well-ventilated factories and piped music, and by psychologists and “human-relations” experts; yet all this oiling does not alter the fact that man has become powerless, that he does not wholeheartedly participate in his work and that he is bored with it.

　　enterprise“企业”;well-oiled“平滑的”，这个词还可以表示“谄媚的，烂醉的”;cog“钝齿”。well-ventilated“通风良好的”;piped music“喇叭音乐”;yet“然而”，表转折，说明分号前后语义相反;alter“改变”;the fact that..., that... and that...三个并列的that引导的同位语从句解释说明fact;powerless“没有能力的”，the powerless“处于弱势的人”;wholeheartedly“全心全意地，全神贯注地”;participate in“参与”;be bored with“对...感到厌烦”;

　　When they apply for their first job, they are tested for intelligence as well as for the tight mixture of submissiveness and independence... This constant need to prove that one is as good as or better than one’s fellow-competitor creates constant anxiety and stress, the very causes of unhappiness and illness.

　　apply for“申请”，apply to表示“适用于，应用于”，apply theory to practice“把理论应用于实践”，apply的名词形式application;submissiveness“服从，服从性”，形容词形式submissive，动词形式submit“使服从，提交”;第二个句子的主干结构This constant need creates constant anxiety and stress, the very causes of unhappiness and illness.逗号后为同位语，解释说明anxiety and stress;very 充当形容词“正是”，强调其后名词causes“原因”。

　　I suggest transforming our social system from a bureaucratically managed industrialism in which maximal production and consumption are ends in themselves into a humanist industrialism in which man and full development of his potentialities -- those of love and of reason -- are the aims of all social arrangements. Production and consumption should serve only as means to this end, and should be prevented from ruling man.

　　suggest doing sth.“建议做某事”;transform...from...into...把...转变为...;industrialism“工业主义，工业制度”;maximal“最大化的”，反义词minimal“最小化的”;humanist“人道主义的”相当于humanitarian，相关词汇：the humanities“人文学科”，humane“仁慈的”;potentiality“潜力”，形容词形式potential，往往表示“潜在的，可能的”，potential danger“潜在的危险”;ends=aims“目标”。serve as“充当”，这个短语还可以表示“起到...作用”;prevent...from doing...“防止”。