2014考研英语写作指导：文章的完成_跨考网

　　第一节　　作文写作文体

　　对于考生来说，了解一点作文考试常用的文体知识很有必要。文章文体一般分为叙述文(Narration)、议论文(Argumentation)、说明文(Exposition)和描写文(Description)。在实际写作中，这几种文体常常交叉使用，相辅相成，但主体仍以一种为主，其他为辅。从考研作文试题情况来看，主要为议论文，出题形式常常是针对某一事物或现象让考生提出自己的看法。

　　议论文(Argumentation)

　　作者对某一问题或事件直接间接地进行分析评论，表明自己的立场、观点、态度、主张，这就是议论。它常常用于学术论文，各种评论、短文、杂文、辩论等方面，应用广泛。

　　议论文的写作要注意三个要素：1.提出论点;2.组织论据，进行论证;3.得出结论。常的论证方法包括夹议法、举例法、比较对照当、因果法、逻辑推量法(包括归纳法和演绎法)。可以从正在论证，也可以用反证进进行反驳。例如：

　　Example 1

　　Television-the Wonder of Electronics

　　论点　　 As an art, television brings theatre and other cultural events into home. Its influence on the life of average people is incalculable :it can influence their thoughts, their likes and.

　　组织论据　dislikes, their speech, and even their dress. As an industry, TV provides.

　　进行论证　jobs for hundreds of thousands who make TV sets and broadcasting equipment. It also provides work for actors, technicians, and others who put on programs, In addition, it can add to people’s store of knowledge. Education TV stations offer teaching in various subjects ranging from home nursing to art appreciation Through advertising, TV helps business and manufacturers sell their products to millions of persons.

　　得出结论　So TV the modern wonder of electronics, not only bring the world into home in sight and sound, also bring some other benefits to people.

　　Example1

　　Physical Exercise and Mental Advantage

　　论点　　　Physical exercise develops will.

　　Nobody can succeed at anything if the does not put his will.

　　以列举法　into it. A man, who wishes to lift 300 pounds, can

　　组织论据 do it, if he has a strong will. Some long

　　进行论证　distance runners win after practicing day after day, year after year . A great many athletes get good reputation through nothing but a strong will which helps them realize their goals.

　　论点　　　Physical exercise develops judgment. There are many people who unable to make decision when

　　以列举法　matters come to them. This is due to the fact that

　　组织论据　their judgment is not sound. An expert runner knows

　　进行论证　when he should run faster and when slower. A table tennis player can use different strategies to defeat his opponent.

　　论点　　　Physical exercise develops self-confidence. Many persons do not trust themselves. As things come before

　　以列举法　them, they usually hesitate, not knowing whether of not

　　组织论据　they have the ability to perform them. So a great deal

　　进行论证　of time is usually wasted and matters are left unattended. This is because these people have no self-confidence. An expert athlete believes that he has had great ability in a certain sport and that he can compete with others in that sport. He does not hesitate and try his best to win the championship.

　　得出结论　Thus we see will, judgment and self-confidence can be developed by physical exercise.

　　(从上面两例我们可以看出，作者以段落主题句提出论点，以扩展句组织论扭，进行论证，以结尾句进行总结，得了结论。这与前面所说的段落发展方法是一致的。)