翻译硕士考研必备：MTI翻译基础短语解释（七）

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货币操纵国 
currency manipulator (The country will probably see a "record trade deficit" in March thanks to surging imports, Minister of Commerce Chen Deming said on Sunday, while warning that Beijing will "fight back" if Washington labels China a currency manipulator. 商务部部长陈德铭周日表示，由于进口的大幅度增长，三月份中国的贸易逆差可能“破纪录”，同时他警告说，如果华盛顿方面将中国定义为货币操纵国，北京将“予以反击”。) 

货币供应量 
measure of money supply (The broad measure of money supply, M2, which covers cash in circulation and all deposits, rose 27.68 percent from a year earlier as of the end of 
December, 9.86 percentage points higher than that at the end of 2008. 广义货币供应（即M2）包括流通货币以及全部储蓄存款。截至去年12月底，我国M2供应量增长了27.68%，同比增幅达到9.86个百分点。) 

货币化 
monetization  

货币回笼 
withdrawal of currency from circulation  

货币留成制度  
currency retention scheme

货到付款 
cash on delivery  

货到付款 
cash on delivery 

活到老，学到老 
One is never too old to learn.  

火电站  
thermal power plant 

火锅 hot pot 

火炬计划 
Torch Program (a plan to develop new and high technology)  

活动板房 
movable plank house / movable house 

火炬手 
torchbearer 

活期存款 
current deposit; current account  

活期存款利率 
demand deposit interest rate 

火星探测器 
Mars exploration rover (China will send its first Mars exploration rover "Yinghuo-1" into space in October next year by a Russian space rocket, according to Chen Changya, deputy designer-in-chief of China's first Mars rover. 中国首个火星探测项目副总设计师陈昌亚透露，我国首个火星探测器"萤火一号"将于明年10月搭乘俄罗斯的运载火箭飞向火星。) 

基本工资 
basic wages (Over 3000 people recently applied for jobs in a British zoo which only 
temporary and at basic wages. 英国一家动物园日前发出广告，招聘临时工，只发放基本工资，结果引来3000多人应聘。） 

基本国策 
basic state policy; basic national policy 

基本国情 
fundamental realities of the country  


基本建成覆盖城乡、功能完善的疾病预防控制和医疗救治体系 
establish a fully functioning system for disease prevention and control and for emergency medical aid that covers both urban andrural areas 

基本路线要管一百年 
The basic line must be followed unswervingly for a very long time to come.  

基本人权 
fundamental human rights 

基本养老金社会化发放 
retirees receive their basic pension through social security channels

基本医疗保险制度 
basic medical insurance system


基本月租费 
basic monthly fee (charges) 

基层工作  
grass-roots work 

基层监督  
grass-roots supervision  

基层民主 
democracy at the grassroots level  

基层社区  
grassroots community (The State Council also encouraged college students to broaden their job search and consider working in grassroots communities, central and western parts of China or SMEs, or start their own business. 国务院还鼓励大学生拓宽就业渠道，考虑去基层社区、中西部地区以及中小企业就业，或自主创业。) 

基层文化建设 
primary-level cultural undertakings 

基层选举 
grassroots election (The grassroots election, held every five years, is the lowest and only level of China's electoral process where direct elections are allowed. 每五年举行一次的基层选举，是我国选举过程中最基层、也是唯一进行直接选举的层面。) 

基层组织 
organizations at the grass-roots level, primary-level organization  

机场建设费 
airport construction fee  

既成事实 
fait accompli (noun)  

继承税 
inheritance tax 

基础产业 
basic industry 

基础教育  
basic education 

基础设施建设 
infrastructure construction  

基础设施  infrastructure 

基础税率  
base tariff level  

记大过 
record a serious demerit 

鸡蛋碰石头 
like an egg striking a rock; attack… stronger than oneself 

既得利益集团 
vested interest groups (To implement the concept will require restricting vested interest groups and effective law enforcement, researchers and legislators said. 研究人员和立法人士均表示，为了践行这一理念，就需要限制既得利益集团，并促成各项法律的有效实施。) 

基地组织 
al-Qaeda group 

机电产品 
mechanical and electrical products  

机动车行驶证 
road-worthiness certificate (According to the draft law, taxes on vehicles with engines smaller than 2.0 liters, which account for 87 percent of China's cars, will be reduced and vehicle owners should submit tax certificates in order to qualify for a road-worthiness certificate. 根据草案，2.0升以下小排量车的车船税将会减少，车主需要提交缴纳车船税证明才能办机动车行驶证。国内87％的车辆为2.0升以下的小排量车。) 

缉毒 
investigate drug smuggling; capture drug smugglers  

(日本银行主持的)季度短观调查报告  Tankan survey 

缉毒队 
narcotics squad  

极度兴奋 
fever pitch (The goal roused the crowd to fever pitch. 这个进球让现场球迷陷入狂热。) 

饥饿营销 
hunger marketing (Though the confrontation outside the Apple store in Sanlitun Village was resolved peacefully, the company's long-term "hunger marketing" strategy has 
sparked questions from inside the industry, International Finance News reported Monday. 据《国际金融报》周一报道，尽管三里屯苹果专卖店的冲突事件已经平息，但是苹果公司长期遵循的“饥渴营销”策略却受到了行业内的质疑。) 

计费方法/ 按秒计费/ 按分计费 
Calculating telephone fees/ per-second calculation/ per-minute calculation  

积分制 
point redemption scheme (The Asian Games volunteer badges are distributed on a basis of a point redemption scheme of volunteering service hours as volunteers can redeem one service hour for one point. Different service responsibilities have different coefficients. When the points reach 100, 200 and 300, volunteers are eligible for a bronze badge, silver badge and gold badge respectively. For higher points of 400, a medal of sun will be 
awarded. 亚运会志愿者徽章的派发是以志愿时积分制为基础的。志愿者每服务1个小时可以换取1分。不同的服务职责有不同的系数。当积分达到100、200和300时，志愿者可相应获得铜章、银章和金章。达到400分时，还可获得一枚太阳勋章。) 

急功近利 
eager for instant success and quick profits 

技工贸结合的科技型企业  
scientific and technological enterprises that integrate scientific and technological development with industrial and trade development  

机构重叠 
organizational overlapping 

机构改革 
institutional reform; streamlining; institutional restructuring 

机构投资者 
institutional investor  

机构臃肿 
overstaffing in organizations (government)  

激光唱片 
compact disc; laser record; laser disc 

激光打印机 laser printer 

激光导航 
laser navigation 

激光通信 
laser communication 

计划单列市 
city specifically designated in the state plan

计划经济 
planned economy 

计划内招生 
planned enrollment 


新词新译  


计划生育责任制 
responsibility system of family planning  

机会成本 
opportunity cost 

积极防御 
active defense 

计价器 taximeter 

计件工资制  piece-rate system 

季节工 
seasonal worker 

季节性调价 
seasonal price adjustment 

即开式奖券  
scratch-open ticket； scratch pad 

激励约束制度  
a system of incentives and disincentives 

激烈竞争 
cut-throat competition  

记名债券 
registered bond 

吉尼斯世界记录 
Guinness World Records  

纪念封 
commemorative envelope 

即期消费 
immediate consumption 

机器阅卷 
machine scoring 


急人民所急，忧人民所忧 
making the desires and worries of the people one's own  

吉日良辰 
auspicious day 

即溶泳衣 
dissolvable bikini (The dissolvable bikini looks like a real bikini but disappears after just a few seconds in water. 从表面看，这种泳衣和真正的比基尼没有任何区别，但入水几秒钟后，它却能被彻底溶解掉。) 

积少成多 
many a little makes a mickle 

寄生效应 ghost effect 

即食餐 ready meal 

计时工资 hourly wage 

计时工资制 
time-rate wage system 

计时票制 
time fare system 

纪实文学 
documentary writing  

纪实小说 
documentary fiction 

寄售 
commission sale 

技术产权交易所 
technology equity market; technology property right exchange  

技术成果商品化 
commercialization of technological achievements 

技术储备 
technological reserve  

技术创新 
technological innovation 

技术改造 
technological transformation

技术攻关  
strive to make technological breakthrough 

技术工人 
technician; skilled worker 

技术集约企业 
technology-intensive enterprise 

技术交底 
technical disclosure 

技术密集产品 
technology-intensive product  

技术密集型  
technology-intensive 

技术下乡 
spread technological knowledge to farmers  

技术依托 
technical backstopping  

技术有偿转让 
transfer of technology with compensation 

集束炸弹 cluster bomb 

技术职称 technical title 

技术转让 
technology transfer 

集思广益 
draw on collective wisdom and absorb all useful ideas 

缉私力量 
the forces engaged in the fight against smuggling  

寄宿家庭 
home stay （A home stay provides the opportunity to experience foreign culture while living in a foreign home. 寄宿家庭可以让你居住在外国人家中感受外国文化。） 

计算机化战争 computerized war 

计算机集成制造系统 
computer integrated manufacturing system (CIMS) 

计算机辅助教学 
computer-assisted instruction (CAI) 

计算机辅助学习 
computer-aided learning (CAL) 

计算机中央处理器 
central processing unit(CPU)  

计算机网络信息中心 
computer network information center 

挤提  bank run 

集体承包 
be contracted to collectives; collective contract 

集体观念  
groupism; collective spirit 

集体合同 
collective contract (Collective contracts as part of an effective negotiation mechanism between workers and employers will help mitigate labor unrests that have hit parts of the country recently, the All China Federation of Trade Unions (ACFTU) said on Thursday. 中华全国总工会上周四表示，集体合同作为工人和雇主之间的一种有效协商机制的一部分，有助于缓解最近中国部分地区出现的劳资纠纷。) 

集体婚礼 
collective wedding ceremony; group wedding  

集体经济  
collective economy 


集体领导和个人分工负责相结合的制度 
system combining collective leadership with individual responsibility 

集体所有制 
collective ownership 

集团消费 
institutional spending 

既往不咎,忘掉旧嫌 
let bygones be bygones  

继往开来 
continue with the past and open up the future 

纪委 
discipline inspection commission 

鸡尾酒疗法 
drug cocktail therapy (treatment) 

即席讲话 
speak impromptu; make an impromptu speech; off-the-cuff remarks 

极限运动  
extreme sports; X-sports 

吉祥如意 
Everything goes well 

吉祥物 mascot  


继续深化国有企业改革、使企业真正成为市场竞争的主体 
to deepen SOE reform to enable them to become main players in the market competition; 

积压产品 
overstocked commodities (inventories)  

积压航班 
flight backlog (Many European flights took to the skies Tuesday for the first time in days but the travel chaos was far from over: London's airports remained shut, a massive flight 

 
backlog was growing and scientists feared that history could repeat itself with yet another volcanic eruption in Iceland. 上周二，欧洲很多航班在停飞数天后首度飞上蓝天，但交通混乱状况远未结束：伦敦机场仍然关闭，积压航班数量非常大且呈上升趋势。科学家担心如果冰岛再有火山喷发，这一历史将重演。)

积压滞销 
overstocked commodity (inventory) 

机译 
machine translation (MT) 

基因工程 
genetic engineering  

基因库 gene bank 

基因水稻 
trans-genetic hybrid rice 

基因突变 
genetic mutation  

基因图谱 
genome; Gene chip (DNA microarray) 

即印相片 instant photo 

基因组 genome 

绩优股 blue chip  

集约化 
intensification 

集约化经营 
intensive management  

集约经营 
intensive operation  

鸡仔文学 
Chick lit. This Chinese phrase is a translation of the English term “Chick lit,” which refers to the kind of fiction created for young women, particularly single, working women in their twenties and thirties. 

记账式国债 
book-entry T-bonds 

记账式国库券 
inscribed treasury bond 

记者席 press box  

记者招待会  
press conference  

家政服务 
household service

集中供暖 
central heating (Beijing's central heating is likely to be switched on early this winter, when the average temperature plunges below 5 C for five days consecutively or when a heavy snowfall or high wind hits the city. 如果平均气温连续5天低于5摄氏度，或遭遇暴雪、强风天气，北京市就将提前启动集中供暖。) 

集中精力把经济建设搞上去 
go all out for economic development  

集装箱公寓 
container apartment (The daily rent for this 18-square-meter container apartment is eight yuan. They can also be refitted as mobile restrooms, kitchens, offices and garages. 这种18平米的“集装箱公寓”一天的租金是8元，这种集装箱还可改造成移动厕所、厨房、办公室、车库等。) 

集装箱运输船  container freighter  

集装运输 
container shipping 

集资 
pool resources; collect money; raise funds; raise money 

集资办学 
raise money to set up new schools 

集资房 
houses built with funds collected by the buyers  

祭祖 
offer sacrifices to ancestors