2015年考研英语障碍词解析（一）

　alternate

　　v.轮流

　　The new parents alternate turns changing the baby’s diapers, first the father changes the diapers, then the mother does.初为人父母的家长轮流给婴儿换尿布，爸爸先换，然后妈妈换。

　　adj.交替的

　　True innovators search for alternate methods, which may prove easier and more efficient

　　【派生】

　　alternation n.交替

　　The alternation between summer and winter is new to me because I grew up in the tropics.

　　alternative n.可供选择的东西

　　Both of the alternatives may cause me to regret my decision. 这两个可供选择的东西都会使我后悔自己的决定。

　　adj.两者挑一的

　　For safety’s sake the Emperor’s bodyguards chose an alternative route.为安全起见，君主的保镖选了另一条路线。

　　【点睛】这个词让许多学生感到困惑，alternative表示“两者或两者以上可以择一的，可以从数个中任择一个的”，如：I chose yoga from those alternative ways of coping with stress. 这句话表示，有很多种可供选择的减轻压力的方式，瑜伽是其中之一，我选择了瑜伽。alternative还可以表示“替代性的，非正统的，非主流的”，如：In that region wind power grows as alternative energy source. 我们知道，较之传统使用的煤、天然气的能量，风能、太阳能是非传统的，可作为替代性的能源。这句话就表示，“在那个地区，风能已成为替代性能源。”讲到alternative, 必然要讲下面这个词alternatively。

　　alternatively

　　adv.二者选一地，或者

　　Alternatively, if the star is relatively small, any life-supporting planets would have to adhere to a close orbit. 换句话说，如果恒星相对较小，那么能让生命存活的行星就必须在挨着离着很近的轨道。

　　【点睛】在上面这句话里alternatively的意思是“或者说，换个说法，换句话说”。再看下面例句：We could go to the park, or alternatively go to the aquarium. 这句话表示可以去公园，也可以去水族馆，哪个地方都行。

　　approach

　　v. 1.靠近 They heard footsteps approaching the door.

　　2.找…商量 Did she approach her mother for advice?

　　3.(着手)处理 (deal with) We should approach this problem in a creative way.

　　Researchers in the late 1960 covered that humans are born with the capacity to approach challenges in four primary ways: analytically, procedurally, relationally (or collaboratively) and innovatively.(考研真题)六十年代末研究者称人类与生俱来能用四种主要方法应对挑战，即深入分析、有序进行、协调合作，创造革新。

　　n. 1.接近 The cat’s approach frightened the chickens away.

　　2.方法

　　This approach, originated abroad, offered inventors medals, cash prizes and other incentives.这种源自国外的方法给发明者提供了奖章，现金奖励和其它激励机制。

　　According to many books and articles, New England’s leaders established the basic themes and preoccupations of an unfolding, dominant Puritan tradition in American intellectual life. To take this approach to the New Englanders normally mean to start with the Puritans’ theological innovations and their distinctive ideas about the church-important subjects that we may not neglect.(考研真题)根据很多书籍和文章所述新英格兰的领导阶层把演变的、占主流的清教徒传统作为美国精神生活的基本主题和主要关注点。用这种方法认识新英格兰人通常意味着要从清教徒的神学创新开始，还有他们对于教派重要性这个主题与众不同的看法也不容我们忽视。

　　【派生】approachable adj.可接近的，平易近人的

　　approximate

　　v.接近，约等于

　　If X equals 5.2, the value of Y approximates 3.7.

　　adj.大约的

　　Laureen had brought boxes full of sneakers with bright colors and psychedelic designs, which she then distributed to the barefoot children according to their approximate sizes. 劳琳带来几个箱子，里面装满了色彩艳丽的运动鞋，她按着脚的大致尺寸把鞋子发给了光着脚的孩子们。

　　【派生】

　　approximately adv.近似

　　During several years of gambling in that casino, Williams, a state auditor earning $35,000 a year, lost approximately $175,000.(考研真题)在那个赌场赌博的几年间，威廉姆斯，这位每年挣三万五千美元的州审计员输了大约十七万五千美元。

　　approximation n.近似值

　　Mathematicians will judge our equation to be an acceptable approximation even if it is not an exact equivalence. 即使等式不完全对等，数学家们也会认为我们的等式是一个可以接受的近似值。

　　auxiliary

　　adj.辅助的

　　Basic computer skills should be included as an auxiliary course in school.(考研真题)基础计算机技能应该成为学校的辅修课程。

　　n. 1.助手，帮手;辅助物 Nursing auxiliaries are assigned to several hospitals.

　　Your remarks in the court were necessary auxiliaries to my brother’s acquittal.你法庭上的陈词是宣判我哥哥无罪必不可少的辅助陈述。

　　2.助动词(auxiliary verb)

　　average

　　n.平均，平均数

　　【搭配】on average 平均

　　On average, women live longer than men.

　　v.求平均数，平均起来

　　【点睛】average的三个词性中，动词词性是学生所不熟悉的，学生总以为这个词不能直接用作动词，其实是可以的。

　　When we average the scores of our class we find that our class average is significantly higher than the school average.算完我们班的平均成绩，发现我们班的平均成绩高于学校平均成绩。

　　adj.平均的

　　According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, average height—5′9′′ for men, 5′4′′ for women—hasn't really changed since 1960.(考研真题)根据疾病控制预防中心数据，男性平均身高5′9′′，女性平均身高5′4′′，这个数值从1960年以来没有太大改变。