2015年考研英语语法解析——不定式(二)

最后更新时间:2014-04-17 23:58:02
辅导课程:暑期集训 在线咨询
复习紧张,焦头烂额?逆风轻袭,来跨考秋季集训营,帮你寻方法,定方案! 了解一下>>

  (四)充当定语

  作后置定语,即位于被修饰名词之后,有时与所修饰的名词逻辑上是动宾关系,如果不定式是不及物动词,后面应加介词。

  例句: He asserted, also, that his power to follow a long and purely abstract train of thought was very limited, for which reason he felt certain that he never could have succeeded with mathematics. (2008年第47题)

  分析: 该句是复合句。主干部分是He asserted that ...。 his power...limited是asserted的宾语从句,其中不定式to follow a long and purely abstract train of thought作定语修饰power, for which引导的非限制性定语从句修饰前面整个句子,在非限制性定语从句中又包含了一个由that引导的宾语从句。

  译文: 他坚持认为自己进行长时间纯抽象思维的能力十分有限,由此他也认定自己在数学方面根本不可能有大的作为。

  例句: And the best way to learn how to encode information meaningfully, Ericsson determined, was a process known as deliberate practice.(选自2007年Text 1)

  分析: 该句是简单句。Ericsson determined作插入语,known as...作后置定语,修饰process, to learn how to encode information meaningfully作后置定语修饰the best way。

  译文: 埃里克森认为,学会如何去编辑有意义信息的最好方法是众所周知的有意识练习的过程。

  (五)充当状语(表示目的、结果、原因)

  例句: The vocabulary and grammatical differences between British and American English are so trivial and few as hardly to be noticed. (1997年第10题)

  分析: 该句是简单句。介词短语between British and American English修饰differences,so as to do引导的不定式作结果状语。

  译文: 英式英语和美式英语之间的词汇和语法区别甚微,人们几乎注意不到。

  例句: Greatly agitated, I rushed to the apartment and tried the door, only to find it locked.(2000年第2题)

  分析: 该句是简单句。过去分词agitated在句中作主语补足语,only to find...在句中作状语,表示结果。

  译文: 怀着极大的不安,我跑回公寓,推了推门,结果却发现门是锁着的。

  例句: Some use them to keep a close watch on the demand for their line of work or gather information on compensation to arm themselves when negotiating for a raise.

  (选自2004年Text 1)

  分析: 该句是简单句。to keep a close watch on ... of work和(to)gather information on compensation都作目的状语,是some use them的目的。to arm themselves则是gather information on compensation的目的状语,when negotiating for a raise的完整形式应是when they are negotiating...。

  译文: 有人便借它严密关注自己行业的需求情况,或为加薪谈判搜集相关的加薪信息。

  (六)充当补足语

  1. 充当宾语补足语

  (1)有些及物动词宾语后常接不定式作宾语补足语,构成复合宾语,如ask, advise, allow, command, compel, enable, encourage, expect, invite, tell, force, wish, want, like, oblige, order, permit, prefer, persuade, remind, request, require, send, warn, cause, trouble, urge, instruct, help, lead, press, drive等。

  例句: As a way of coping with the mails while they were away, the Johnsons asked the cleaning lady to send little printed slips asking the senders to write again later.

  (1999年第28题)

  分析: 该句是并列句。分词短语asking the senders to write again later修饰slips,介词短语As a way of coping with the mails在句中作状语。

  译文: 作为他们外出时处理邮件的一种方法,约翰逊一家让清洁女工给写信人寄去事先印好的便条,让他们以后再来信。

  例句: “Do we really want railroads to be the arbiters of who wins and who loses in the market place?” (选自2003年Text 3)

  分析: 该句是复合句。其中who wins and who loses...在句中作介词of的宾语。

  译文: “难道我们真的要让铁路公司成为决定市场上谁兴谁衰的仲裁者吗?”

  (2)下列动词接不定式作宾语补足语时常省略不定式符号to。如:see, watch, observe, notice, feel, hear, perceive, smell, look at, listen to, have, make, let等,但以上动词用于被动语态时,要加上to。

  例句: A turbulent business environment also has senior managers cautious of letting vague pronouncements cloud their reputations. (选自2011年Text 2)

  分析: 该句是简单句。cautious of letting vague pronouncements cloud their reputations在句中作宾语senior managers的补足语,而cloud their reputations又作宾语vague pronouncements的补足语,cloud前省略了to,其意为“使混乱,玷污”。

  译文: 一种动荡的商业环境同样使得高管们小心谨慎,以避免模糊的表态有损他们的声誉。

  例句: He was let to come in and sit with other workmates who had already completed their work.

  分析: 该句是复合句。定语从句who had already completed their work修饰other workmates。

  译文: 有人让他进来和那些已经做完活计的工友们坐在一起。

  (3)不定式在介词except,but后作宾语时,其前有动词do的某种形式要省去to,反之加上to。

  例句: My mother alone is in the railway station, so she has nothing to do except/but wait for me.

  分析: 该句是并列句。

  译文: 母亲一个人在车站,所以除了等我外,她无事可做。

  例句: That was so serious a matter that I had no choice but/except to call in the police.

  分析: 该句是复合句。第二个that后引导一个状语从句,表示结果。

  译文: 问题过于严重,于是除了给警察打电话外,我别无他法。

  2. 充当主语补足语把带有宾语补足语的谓语动词转变成被动语态时,原来的宾语补足语也转变成主语补足语。

  例句: He wasnt asked to take on the chairmanship of the society, being considered insufficiently popular with all members. (1998年第9题)

  分析: 该句是简单句。分词being considered...在句中作状语表示原因,相当于because he had been considered insufficiently...;to take on为主语补足语。

  译文: 考虑到他不能受到每个成员的欢迎,所以没有邀请他担任协会的主席之职。

  例句: We are thus led to distinguish, within the broad educational process which we have been so far considering,a more formal kind of education—that of direct tuition or schooling. (2009年第50题)

  分析: 该句是复合句。句子主干结构是we are thus led to distinguish a more formal kind of education, within the broad educational process which we have been so far considering 在整个句子中作状语,其中which引导一个定语从句,修饰the broad educational process;破折号后的内容作a more formal kind of education的同位语。

  译文: 因此,这就使得我们得以在一直讨论的广义的教育过程中,进一步区别出一种更为正规的教育,即直接教学或学校教育。

2015考研英语:英译汉十大错误原由

跨考考研课程

班型 定向班型 开班时间 高定班 标准班 课程介绍 咨询
秋季集训 冲刺班 9.10-12.20 168000 24800起 小班面授+专业课1对1+专业课定向辅导+协议加强课程(高定班)+专属规划答疑(高定班)+精细化答疑+复试资源(高定班)+复试课包(高定班)+复试指导(高定班)+复试班主任1v1服务(高定班)+复试面授密训(高定班)+复试1v1(高定班)
2023集训畅学 非定向(政英班/数政英班) 每月20日 22800起(协议班) 13800起 先行阶在线课程+基础阶在线课程+强化阶在线课程+真题阶在线课程+冲刺阶在线课程+专业课针对性一对一课程+班主任全程督学服务+全程规划体系+全程测试体系+全程精细化答疑+择校择专业能力定位体系+全年关键环节指导体系+初试加强课+初试专属服务+复试全科标准班服务

①凡本网注明“稿件来源:跨考网”的所有文字、图片和音视频稿件,版权均属北京尚学硕博教育咨询有限公司(含本网和跨考网)所有,任何媒体、网站或个人未经本网协议授权不得转载、链接、转帖或以其他任何方式复制、发表。已经本网协议授权的媒体、网站,在下载使用时必须注明“稿件来源,跨考网”,违者本网将依法追究法律责任。

②本网未注明“稿件来源:跨考网”的文/图等稿件均为转载稿,本网转载仅基于传递更多信息之目的,并不意味着再通转载稿的观点或证实其内容的真实性。如其他媒体、网站或个人从本网下载使用,必须保留本网注明的“稿件来源”,并自负版权等法律责任。如擅自篡改为“稿件来源:跨考网”,本网将依法追究法律责任。

③如本网转载稿涉及版权等问题,请作者见稿后在两周内速来电与跨考网联系,电话:400-883-2220