2014考研英语写作指导：作文高分标准_跨考网

　　一、 内容切题，包括提纲的全部内容

　　作文的高分标准首先是要切题。许多考生认为作文题己有要求和提纲，按题目写作不会出问题。但事实往往并非如此，许多考生仍然跑题或扣不准题。有的考生辞不达意，有的考生主题不突出，还有的考生照搬照抄，结果文不对题。下面是跨考教育为大家详细解析这部分：

　　所谓的切题指不偏离主题，提纲的所有内容都是围绕主题来展开的。

　　Example

　　Title: Good Health

　　Outline: 1. Importance of good health

　　2. Ways to ensure a good health

　　文章的主题很显然是谈论健康问题，同时是围绕健康的重要性和怎样保持健康的身体两方面来谈论的。有的考生未经仔细审题便匆匆落笔，结果将文章写成“健康与财富”，不能满足评分标的第一项要求。一篇较好的文章如下：

　　Good Health

　　Good health is the best reassurance a person can possess. The world, with all its attractions and wonders, is open to those who have wealth, but they cannot enjoy it unless they have good health. It is very difficult for a man, no matter how rich, powerful or learned he may be, to be happy without good health. But if he enjoys good health, a poor and humble man can be happy. There is no doubt, therefore, that“Good health is the best wealth”

　　The human body is wonderful engine .It is far more delicate than a locomotive .Everyone must be the engineer and fireman of his own body. If well maintained, If it is out of order, its master will suffer. There are a number of useful rules which will ensure good health if people follow them.

　　Cleanliness-The body needs to be kept clean. It should be washed at least once a week in winter and once a day in summer.

　　Fresh air- One of the chief constituents of the air is oxygen, which is necessary for life. We ought to see that our rooms are always full of fresh air.

　　Food-Care should be taken that the food is wholesome and suited to the constitution.

　　Exercise-The muscle must be all kept exercised, although not to excess.

　　Sleep-The hours of sleep are very valuable, during which the mind is kept as calm and peaceful as possible. We cannot have good health unless the brain be renewed by sleep.

　　所以一开始短文写作，考生应注意以下几个方面：

　　1.认真审题。先分析题目所包含的内容和信息，把握住出题者的意图，确定文章属于哪一种体裁，思考表达文体和写作手法，以能将主题思想完美表达出来。然后仔细阅读作文要求、提纲或其他相关内容(如图表、图画、数字说明等)，注意抓住题目和提纲中的关键词及提纲要点之间的衔接和逻辑关系，进一步考虑怎样组织段落来突出主题。以下面的试题为例：

　　(1) Money is regarded by some people as the most important thing in life…

　　(2) But money can not buy everything…

　　(3) There are people who gamble or cheat to obtain money…

　　对于这类试题，由于标题和每段的主题句都己具备，考生要注意的就是在题目所提示的主题思想基础上，按照各段主题句关键作出的提示和思想进行深入的论述和发挥。很明显，本文属于议论文题材，需要考生发表议论和看法。要注意的是，第一段中“some people”提示论述的是别人的观点，而第二段和第三段谈论的才是自己的观点和看法。如果在阅读要求时不认真，审题不仔细，就会把第一段也写成自己的观点，结果使第二段和第一段的不能自衔接，在逻辑上也出现混乱。

　　2.组织段落，构思选材。段落围绕主题来展开，但各个段落也有主题句和段落中心。主题句即本段的论点，围绕论点提供论据抓住了段落中心，而句子之间或段落之间的承上启下，过渡连贯，句型逻辑等也要同进考虑，对于材料的取舍也应该胸有成竹，避免下笔时无章可循，离题万里。例如：

　　Advertising

　　(1) Nowadays advertisements are found everywhere

　　(2) Advertisements fill almost every minute of a day

　　(3) No one can avoid being influenced by ads.

　　从标题和三段主题句的提示中可以看出，主题思想己很明确，从体裁来看，本文属于叙述文，对生活中的一些事实进行陈述，同时附带自己的看法。文章为三段式结构，段首句均为主题句，要注意找出句子的关键词，它们分别为：第一段主题句中是“everywhere”;第三段主题句中是“every minute”;第三段主题句中为“no one can avoid”。每段主题句之后的扩展句均要围绕这些关键词来展开和发挥，同时考生要注意控制每段字数。