考研英语作文高分秘籍：练好“逗号六式”_跨考网

　　熟悉考研英语的同学都应该知道，英语作文采用的是总体评分法，作文评卷老师主要凭借总体印象打分，而我国老师评卷时往往看重的是语言。因此语言的顺畅、优美直接影响到实际作文分数的高低。鉴于不少考生英语作文写作语言生硬平淡、单调乏味、缺少变通。本文将结合往届考研作文，跨考考研英语辅导专家从标点符号这一常被大家忽略的方面破解考研高分作文的机密，并为总结出“逗号六式”的使用方法，希望能对广大考生写作时提高语言表达有所裨益。

2014考研暑期：公共课全程复习指导

　　第一式：非限制性定语从句的试用

　　1.Nomadays,the call for quality-oriented education is becoming widesperad and the drawbacks of testoriented education,which have aroused great concern throughout China,are becoming increasingly apparent.

　　2.The shar pcontrast hinges on the Protection of the greenhouse，which determines in a large measure the life and death ofthe lovely flower.

　　3.This trend began during the Second World War，when several governments came to the conclusion that the specific demands that a government wants to make of its scientific establishment cannot generaly be foreseen in detail

　　逗号前后是我们写作时构造复杂多变、精彩生动句子结构的突破口。上述三例中我们合理巧妙地运用了非限制性定语从句，使前后两个分句有机地连接起来，显得连贯、自然。例1用关系代词which (非限制性定语从句不能用that)代替逗号前整个分句的意思。这样就把原本要用两个句子来表达的信息通过定语从句压缩为一个主从复合句，显得简洁、不罗嗉。例2用关系代词which代替逗号前先行词the green house，通过非限制性定语从句进一步说明温室对于鲜花存活的重要性。例3中逗号前先行词是表时间，因此用关系代词when引导非限制性定语从句，将主要信息移置逗号之后，取得“尾重”或“末尾聚焦(end—weight)”的效果。其实考生们对于非限制性定语从句的用法不可谓不熟，但可能就是缺乏用多种手段衔接分句的意识。

　　第二式：非谓语动词做状语的使用

　　1.By contrast，when removed from the greenhouse，the protective umbrella，it struggles helplessly against the sudden attack of storms，only tO wither away.

　　2.Parents are too eager to mold their kids,disregarding their individuality with a callous attitude toward their personal development.

　　3.School—age children are often seen carring bulging bags on their backs,weighed down on their way to and form school every day.

　　非谓语动词有四种变现形式，即动词不定式、现在分词、过去分词和动名词。利用这几种非谓语动词形式(动名词不能做状语除外)做状语，能很好地突出信息，取得信息“末尾聚焦(end—weight)”的效果。例1用only加动词不定式表示出乎意料的结果，做结果状语。从而将备受溺爱的孩子们不更世事、不堪一击的惨状和盘托出。例2用现在分词做结果状语，表示一种必然的发展趋势，即结果在意料之中。例3用过去分词做伴随状语，将饱受应试教育摧残的学龄儿童那苦不堪言的情形栩栩如生地勾勒了出来，辛辣的嘲讽宛然可见。当然这几种非谓语动词形式也可放在逗号前面一分句或句子中间，如

　　4.Weighing boththese arguments.I can cometOthe conclusionthatthereis no need tO take SO drastic a step as doing away with this custom.(现在分词做时间状语)

　　5.An old peasant，bringing his own food，volunteered as a guide for US.(现在分词做伴随状语)

　　非谓语动词做状语到底放在前还是放在后似乎没有绝对的要求。但一般来说，做伴随状语时可前可后做原因状语时放在前面较多，间或放在后面;做时间状语时一般放在句子前，做结果状语时一般放在后半分句，做条件状语时一般放在前面分句，等等。

　　第三式：同位语或插入语的使用

　　1. AS iS distinct from above，the number“13”.along-held symbol of ominous.ness in the eyes of most westerners，seems tO be plaguing them.

　　2. By contrast，when removed from the greenhouse，the protective umbrella，it struggles helplessly against the sudden attack of storms，only tO wither away.

　　3.Specifically，the number…6’，as they strongly believe，is closely associated with smoothness in the Chinese culture.

　　同位语或插入语一般插在主谓语之间，一般由名词词组(如例l、2)、介词词组(如in my opinion，in other words等)、从句(如例3)、不定式短语、现在分词短语充当。它们能起到补充说明的作用。除此之外，插入语还可对整句话表示解释，如：

　　4.There were twenty people present，to be precise.(不定式短语做插入语)

　　5. Roughly speaking，these countries are the most densely—populated in Asia.(现在分词短语做插入语)