2016翻硕考研 轻松搞定翻译硕士英语作文

轻松搞定翻译硕士，英语作文，就是这么任性~

这个时候还没启动英语写作的同学这个帖子就是救命的，含金量非常之高，背背~写写~

(一)全球化的缺点：

• 经济上，发展中国家的劳动力被剥削，资源被取用，而产品却不能够进人发达国家，国内产业受到外商和外企的冲击;•社会上，外国的产品流人一个国家，会改变人们的生活习惯和购买习惯;年轻人比较喜欢外同产品，比如说食品、衣服、电子产品和娱乐方式;

• 文化上，本土文化会被削弱，本土语言会受到威胁，文化多样性会逐步损失;

• 环境上，工业化生产和交通量的加大会增加温室气体的排放;游人的增多会对自然环境构成威胁。

Topic 1: Increasing travelsbetween countries enable people to learn different cultures or to increasetension between people from different countries?

外来人口的增加有利于文化的交流：

• 游客或者移民都具备经济利益和价值(commercial interest and economic value); 而外同人的停留时间是和东道国的合作密切相关的(The length of stay depends on the cooperation of the host society.);很多当地人因此表现得非常好客和友好，这有助于文化的交流(Manylocal people are very friendly and hospitable, which promote the culturalcommunications.);

• 对其他的文化和人民更为了解(a better understanding of other cultures and other peoples),改变人们对其他民族和文化的态度(alter one's attitudestowards another people or culture);人们因此可以接受不同的文化和价值观(embrace different values and cultures),可以和平共处(create motivation to coexistpeacefully), 并促进对"多元文化的理解 (promote multi-culturalunderstanding);

• 促进文化的融合(promote integration),消除文化障碍(remove cultural barriers), 外来人口的增加导致冲突：

• 违反当地的习俗会激怒当地人(breach of local customs can irritate the locals);

• 不同文化的人看待同一事物总有不同的角度(harbour different perceptions),并给予不同的解释(different interpretations)，比如对手势、衣服、言行举止有不同的理解;举止不当会引起当地人意想不到的反应(provoke unanticipated responses); •外国游客增多会对当地环境造成压力，甚至破坏环境，而移民增多可能导致工作机会减少，致使竞争更加激烈，这些都有可能引起当地人的反感(cause resentment in local communities).

范文

Globalization is a catch-all term thatrefers to any activity that involves more than one country, for example, travelfrom one country to another. The dramatic increase in transnational travel inrecent years has sparked controversy over the potential impacts of this trendon individual countriesf especially those new member states of globalization.Some people are concerned that the upsurge in new arrivals will prompt localhostility against visitors instead of promoting their understanding on mutualcultural background. This notion should be rejected as one can see many factsin favor of this development between countries.

The first reason why international travelswould never bring conflict is rooted in the fact that both visitors and localsare economically motivated. International travel opens up opportunities forbusiness development throughout the world. Entrepreneurs are interested notonly in the domestic market but also in the oversea market. Foreigners shouldlearn the culture of a country before winning over the local people. In turn,locals should show their hospitality to visitors in exchange for their trust.They share a view that acceptance of each other's cultural background is unecessary condition for cooperation.

Understanding a culture has otherimplications. Differences in social background, cultural values and religiousbelief might make the discrepancy of foreigners and local inhabitants on someissues indelible; however, the higher interaction, the higher level ofcommunication and understanding. Arabians, for example, used to considerwesterners as their foes. Now they have concrete relations with their westernallies in many fields. In the initial stage, their divergence seemed inherentbut over time, with better mutual understanding, they take the same position onmany issues.

Undeniably, it is likely that in someresorts, foreign visitors repel the local community with their scant regard forthe local environment and conventions when they first arrive. However, itshould be noted that most offense is accidental, rather than intentional.Instead, visitors disobey rules and conventions simply because they have noknowledge of them. This situation is expected to be improved with the passingof time when visitors from different countries increase their knowledge of alocal culture.

According to the above analysis, we canobserve that the increase in the international travel should not be taken asthe cause of any conflict that arises between two countries. Alternatively, oneshould recognize its role in improving mutual understanding between twocountries.

近义词表

1. catch-all = all-embracing:包罗甚广的 ;包括一切的 2. hostility=enmity=resentment:敌意,怨'恨,愤恨

3. rooted in=derived from=based on:基于 4.entrepreneur=tycoon=mogul=industrialist:企业家，实业家

5. discrepancy=disagreement=difference=divergence:分歧，矛盾

6. foe=enemy=rival:敌人，竟争对手 7. concrete=tangible=solid:具体的，实际的

8. overtime=in due course=sooner or later:最终，早

9. resort:胜地;tourist resort:旅游胜地;holiday resort：度假胜地;beach resort:海边度假胜地; scenic spot:景观;place of interest: 旅游景点

10. repel=revolt=repulse:使厌恶，憎恶 11. scant=limited=scarce:缺乏的，不足的

Topic2: When internationalmedia (including movies, fashion shows, advertisements and other TV programs)convey the same messages to the global audience, people argue that theexpansion of international media has negative impacts on cultural diversity.What is your opinion?

媒体信息一致的缺点：

• 国际媒体(global media)—般掌握在少数几个有实力的机构手中(in the hands of a few, large, powerful organizations);有了媒体的宣传(propaganda)后,西方文化成了主流(domineering force),大规模的、有吸引力的广告(mass seductive advertising )唤起了落后地区人们对物质新的向往(create fresh desires),经济联系增强(strong economic ties),西方产品取代了本地产 品，使人们更加向往西方的文化;

• 文化开始融合在一起(mingle),人们被新的价值观所围绕(bombarded with new values)，对自己的文化失去信心和自豪感(confidence and pride),拒绝接受自己的文化传统(rejection of theircultural heritage)转而接受西方的文化习惯(adoption of Western cultural practices);西方 媒体削弱了民族的特征(ethnic identity)和社会的凝聚力(social cohesion);因为担心失去观众 (a loss of viewers),当地的电视台也开始播放西方的电视节目(television shows),

• 国际媒体的普遍会降低世界文化的品质和多样性(degrade the quality and diversity of world culture);文化被商业化(commercialized), —些文化产品(cultural goods),如音乐、服装，都 变成了商品(commodities in the marketplace)。因此，即便一些文化在世界其他地方传播，它原来的性质(authenticity)已经丧失。

媒体信息一致的优点：

• 国家之间的频繁交往会促进文化之间的交流。因此，相互了解和相互认同的可能性 (likelihood of mutual understanding and mutual acceptance )就会增加，这是顺应全球化的趋势;

• 未必一定放弃传统观念(not necessarily lead to the abolition of traditional values),事实上媒体 可以起到宣传和稳固传统文化的作用;

• 主流媒体一般都会反应文化多元性(The dominant media reflect cultural diversity.); —些外国 节目其实促进了文化多元性(Most foreign programming is promoting cultural diversity.),适应 了当地的条件(adapt to local conditions)，注意到了当地文化的敏感性(aware of cultural sensitivity).自我调节来适应市场(exercise self-censorship to suit the market :)。

范文

As international media companies expandacross the world, the growing popularity and uniformity of some media programs(such as TV shows, movies, fashion shows) is causing worldwide concern. Manypeople have strong views toward this trend. In my opinion, international mediais closely linked to cultural globalization and cultural homogeneity.

The dominance of international media is asign of Western cultural imperialism and has the potential to thwart culturaldiversity. It is not a secret that international media is owned and operated bya handful of giant corporations, such as Time Warner. They control largesectors of the media market and place national media companies at risk. Thecontraction in the number of media owners will cause a proportional reduction,in the variety of programs broadcasted. For example, painting, music and moviesaccessible in the media have a small number of genres, imposing restraints onone's knowledge of artworks of different cultural backgrounds.

In addition to seizing control over thosecreative industries, global entertainment companies affect cultural diversityby reshaping the perceptions, beliefs and norms of ordinary citizens indifferent countries. Most of the cultural values and ideals promoted by theleading mainstream media are of American origin. American culture valuesindividuality, maximization of one's benefits and material wealth, rather thancommunal life and family solidarity, the values and norms previously treasuredin" many Asian countries. Unfortunately, many Asian people now imitateAmerican people, causing the alteration of their perceptions of family. Thisradical change can be attributed to those movies and TV programs that portraythe success of American individuals or corporations.

The loss of media diversity is alsoresponsible for people's narrow sense of ways of life. The ruling class of manycountries speaks English, favors Western food, wears Western-style jackets andeven prefers Western weddings. Young people are captivated by Americanbasketball and some even daubing the names of NBA stars on their schoolsweatsuits. All these transformations in life are the result of the audience'sexposure to Hollywood movies, TV shows andsports reports. The loss of media diversity will lead to degradation of cultureand to a minimization of cultural diversity. It is a worrying trend, as peopleneed cultural diversity to preserve and pass on their valuable heritage tofuture generations, including lifestyle.

As shown above, international media,controlled by a handful of transnational media corporations, is exportingWestern culture worldwide and putting many indigenous cultures at the risk ofextinction. The uniformity of media programs has led to that of artworks, normsand ways of life wherever international media goes.

近义词表

1. dominance=domination=power:统治，力量 2. sign=symbol=mark=signal=indication：标志，象征

3. thwart=prevent=spoil=ruin:阻止，破坏

4. a handful of=a small number of:少数的 5.contraction-reduction ：减少

6. proportional=relative：相对的，成比例的 7. perception=view=opinion:看法

8. ideal=value=belief=principle:观点，观念;标准 9. solidarity=unity=harmony=cohesion:团结

10. be captivated by=be obsessed with=bepassionate about=be addicted to=be keen on=be enthusiastic about:被…所吸引

11. pass on=give=impart=convey:传递，灌输

Topic 3: There is adisagreement on the impact of increased business and culture contact betweencountries on a country's identity. What is your opinion?

商业和文化的接触增多会导致一个国家特征的丧失：

• 影响文化：文化不是静态的，而是动态的(not static, but dynamic);—种文化的改变主要是由于社会环境(social environment)发生了变化。比如说，人们的饮食习惯发生了改变，这是学习 夕卜界文化的结果(People's eating habits have been changed as the result of learnedbehaviour.); 快餐文化源自美国，有些人将此作为财富的象征(symbols of wealth),从而喜欢快餐;另外， 本地的饮食文化会改变，以适应外国人的口味(suit the tastesof visitors);

• 影响生活方式：进口商品的增多，对外国产品的喜好(preference for imports);人们更加熟悉他国的文化，而忘记自身的特点(sense of identity)，社会的团结也有所损害(an erosion of socialsolidarity);服装、饮食、娱乐等等都被两化了 (westernized),比如说，西装现在是流行 的男性服装(the suit is the most popular outfit for men);

• 欠发达国家在技术革新中起到的作用甚微(play a small role in the technological revolution),所 以需要"出卖"自己国家的主权或者利益来获得国际的帮助(concedesovereignty and interests to other countries for aid);贫富差距加大(widening gap between therichest and poorest parts of the world);

• 接受西方文化的人们成为一个国家新的统治阶级(new ruling class);人们摒弃传统的观念 (renounce traditionally-held beliefs),觉得传统观念是过时的和低人一等的(outdated andinferior);主流文化会取代老式的和各种各样的文化(A dominant culture takes over diverse cultures.),人们不再尊重传统文化(lose respect oldercultures),而传统观念最终成为历史{consigned to history)。

商业和文化的接触增多会加强一个国家的特征：

• 外来文化让人们意识到自己文化的特点，从而更加注意维持这种文化;• 一种特殊文化会引起世界的关注，人们会更加注意保护。

范文

One of the most conspicuous trends in the21st century is a closer connection between countries, in both economic andcultural aspects. There is a widespread worry that this will lead to thegradual demise of countries’ identities. This issue should be viewed and analyzedfrom multiple perspectives.

When a country tends to develop a closerrelationship with the rest of the world, it does not necessarily give up itsculture. Culture is not a disgrace to but an asset of a country. An indigenousculture can distinguish one country from others, attracting foreign visitorsand yielding high income. As most tourists travel abroad for learning differentcultures and sampling different ways of life, such as Beijingopera inChina,Japanese tea culture and Thai temples, many countries have responded withprotecting and preserving their cultural identities, in an effort to keepthemselves in the list of the most popular destinations. Increased tourism instillsfresh life force into these countries, aiding the conservation of theirfeatures.

While tourism provides a driving force forcultural conversation, some components of a culture, such as traditions^customs or taboos might die out over time. It seems that in some countries, thelocals have become more accustomed to exotic cultures. It reflects the combinedeffects of the invasion of foreign cultures, either through media or throughdirect business interaction. For example, two decades ago, sex was a taboosubject inChinaand most Chinese people felt embarrassed to talk openly about it. Over time theWestern culture has permeated into the Chinese lifestyle, and the Chinesepeople have broken many of their time-honoured traditions. It occurs in therest of the world as well.

As outlined above, increased interactionbetween countries in the domains of business and culture can either strengthenor undermine the identities of countries involved, To date there is no definiteanswer to this question.

近义词表

1. conspicuous-noticeable=prominent=striking:显箸的，突出的

2. connection=linkage= relation=relationship:关系，联系 3. demise=disappearance=vanishing=fading:消失，死亡

4. multiple=manifold=numerous=various=many:不同的，很多的 5. disgrace=dishonour=shame=humiliation:耻辱

6. life force=soul=essence：生命力 7.conservation=protection=preservation:保存，保护

8. exotic=bizarre=outlandish=fromafar=mysteriously unusual: 外来的，奇异的

9. taboo=offensive=embarrassing=unacceptable=disgraceful=dishonourable=humiliating:无礼的，侮辱性的;忌讳的

10. permeate=seep into=pervade=leak into:渗透 11.time-honoured=age-old=long-established ：历史悠久的

12.interaction=interplay=communication=relationship:相互作用

Topic 4: Some people believethat culture will be ruined if it is used to earn tourism revenue, but othersconsider that tourism is the only way of protecting a culture. Discuss both sidesand give your own opinion.

旅游业有益文化保护(culturalpreservation)的论点：

• 除了自然景观(landscape)之外，文化和历史是吸引旅游者去一个国家或者一个旅游景点 (tourism site)观光的最主要原因(motivator);旅游业和文化遗产相结合(integrate tourism and cultural heritage)为文化保护提供了经济支持(economic incentives);

• 在文化领域提供一些旅游选择(introduce the tourism options available with the cultural sectors)， 如博物馆、历史景点、活动禾卩奠食等(including museums, historical sites, events and cuisine), 游客会深人了解当地传统和习俗(get an insight intolocal customs and traditions),感受当地传 统和艺术(experience local traditions,arts and heritage),从而更加尊重当地社区和周围的环境 (respect the host community and its environment),促进不同国家之间关于自然和文化资源保护的交流与对话(thedialogue over conservation of natural and cultural resources )0 一

旅游业导致文化破坏culturaldestruction )的观点：

• 保护的一般是食物、时尚、节日等(preserve food, fashion, festivals and so forth)—些文化的表 面一，征(superficial elements of a culture), ;|各文化定格成表演者(freezeculture as performers), 导致了文化、宗教、传统仪式、物质文化和语言的损失(the loss of culture, religion, rituals, material culture andlanguage);将文化商业化(commercialisethe culture),破坏了文化神圣和 独特的本质(erode the sacred and uniquenature);虽然很多活动是娱乐活动(entertain,rather than educate tourists),但有些是对当地人的一种羞辱(humiliate the local people);

• 垃圾、涂鸦、破坏和噪音不断增加(increasing litter, graffiti, vandalism and noise)，游客在没有 被允许的情况下进人建筑物、神殿、神圣的土地(enter buildings, shrines or sacred lands without permission).这都与当地文化相冲突，是一种文化侮辱(an insult to thelocal culture )

范文

There is little room for doubt that tourismis one of the fastest-growing industries in the world. However, its impact onculture remains a source of constant debate. This essay will elaborate on bothpositive and negative effects of tourism from a cultural perspective.

Providing economic incentives for culturalpreservation is unarguably one of the main contributions of tourism. To manytourists, culture and history are what they first consider when choosing adestination. Their mindset has been recognised by many tourism sites and moneyhas been subsequently directed toward cultural protection, including themaintenance of key historical sites. Tourism is therefore one of the primaryforces contributing to the preservation of a culture.

In addition to raising financing, tourismcan make an indigenous culture known to the world and rally support worldwideto protect it. When a historic site or a site that shows a country's culturalheritage is made accessible to the public, visitors from all over the worldwill soon flock there. They will share their experience in the local culturewith their friends and families once they return home, assisting this site togain international fame. Both financial and technological support will flood infor the conservation of natural and cultural resources.

On the negative side, tourism developssometimes at the expense of part of culture. Food, festivals, costumes andother stimulating elements of a culture are highlighted to entertain tourists,constituting an insult to the locals and causing damage to the unique nature ofa culture. Moreover, cultural commercialization has made the sacred elements ofa culture commonplace and tourists are encouraged to attach little importanceto a unique tradition, which cannot be found elsewhere.

In the light of these facts, one canconclude that tourism is neither a boon nor a bane to cultural preservation.While its endeavour lo protect an indigenous culture should be recognized, ithas put the integrity of a culture at risk.

近义词表

1. unarguably= unquestionably=indisputably=undeniably:无可置提地，无可否认地

2. destination=site=place:地点 3.maintenance=preservation=upholding=protection:保护，保存

4. indigenous=original=aboriginal：本土的，原始的 5. fame=reputation=recognition=eminence:名气，名声

6. at the expense of=at the cost of:以牺牲…为前提 7. entertain=amuse=keep somebody amused:使愉快

8. insult=offence:侮辱 9.commonplace=ordinary: 平凡的

10. in the light of=in view of=considering=takinginto account:考虑到

11. endeavour=effort=attempt:努力，尝试 12. integrity=entirety=unity:完整性

13. put at risk=endanger=jeopardise:危及，使…危险