2014考研英语翻译指导：反译法详解

   反译法：一个问题有时可以从不同的角度来解释说明。有些句子英语是从正面说的，汉语可以从反面来解释。

　　1)否定译成肯定。如:

　　I never passed the theatre but I thought of his last performance.每一次经过那家剧院，我都会想起他的最后一次演出。

　　There is no rule that has no exception.任何规则都有例外。（双重否定）　Hardly a month goes by without word of another survey revealing new depths of scientific illiteracy among U.S. citizens.美国公民科盲日益严重，这种调查报告几乎月月都有。（双重否定）（真题示范）　　The United Nations Organization has not, so far, justified the hopes which the people of the world set on it.到目前为止，联合国辜负了世界人民寄予的希望。

Under such times as mankind has the sense to lower its population to the point where the planet can provide a comfortable support for all, people will have to accept more“unnatural food”.除非人类终于意识到要把人口减少到这样的程度，使地球能为所有的人提供足够的饮食，否则人们将不得不接受更多的“人造食品”。（真题示范）

　　2)肯定译成否定。如:

　　Everyone has the right to be free from hunger.人人有不挨饿的权利。　This will be particularly true since energy pinch will make it difficult to continue agriculture in the high-energy American fashion that makes it possible to combine few farmers with high yields.这种困境将是确定无疑的，因为能源的匮乏使农业无法以高能量消耗、投入少数农民就可能获得高产的美国耕种方式继续下去了。（真题示范）

　　Mean are too clever to let themselves be cheated by fashion designers.男人们很聪明，他们不会上时装设计者们的当。（将肯定句翻译成否定句）

　　He showed unfeigned satisfaction at his friend’s success.他对朋友的成功表现出真正的满足。

The target is wrong, for in attacking the tests, critics divert attention from the fault that lies with ill-informed or incompetent users.把标准化测试作为抨击目标是错误的，因为在抨击这类测试时，批评者不考虑其弊病来自人们对测试不甚了解或使用不当。（真题示范）

　　The conclusion we reached in Britain is that change simply cannot sensibly be put off.我们英国人得出的结论是，改革是大势所趋。（be put off是被动语态，如果译成“不能合乎情理地被推迟”，汉语显得别扭，所以采用反译的方法。）