2014考研英语：习惯用法翻译技巧(二)

　　翻译复习过程中，考生们经常会遇到这种情况，每一个单词都认识，组合起来却译不通。之所以出现这种现象，主要原因是除了词汇、词组，在英语中存在着一些习惯用法和短语，考生对其并不敏感才导致理解的偏差。在往年的考试中，我们也能够看到，涉及到习惯用法的地方通常是失分比较严重的部分。>>>考研暑期辅导

　　为了避免再一次陷入习惯用法的陷阱，2014的考生要掌握一些经常在考研题中出现的习惯用法和短语。现将考研题中经常出现的习惯用法归纳如下：

　　(7)It is not that...but that.。。的意思是"这不是说，而是说"，或"原因不是…，而是…"。

　　It is not that the scales in the one case, and the balance in the other, differ in the principles of their construction or manner of working; but that the latter is a much finer apparatus and of course much more accurate in its measurement than the former. 译文：这并不是说面包师或卖肉者所用的磅秤和化学家所用的天平在构造原理或工作方式上存在差别，而是说与前者相比，后者是一种更精密得多的装置，因而在计量上必然准确得多。

　　(8)Cannot...too"再…也不过分"，"应该…"，参见技巧中的"正义反译和反义正译"部分。

　　You cannot be too careful in this matter。

　　译文：在此事上你再仔细也不过分。

　　We cannot estimate the value of modern science too much。

　　译文：对现代科学的价值再重视也不过分。

　　(9)much less, still less 用于否定句中，表示一种追加的否定，意思为"更不用说、更不要说"。类似的说法还有to say nothing of, not to speak of, not to mention, let alone，它们的意思也是"更不用说"，但是肯定句和否定句都可以用。

　　He knows little of mathematics, and still less of chemistry。

　　译文：他几乎不懂数学，更不用说化学了。

　　In old China, there was hardly any machine-building industry, to say nothing of an electronic industry。

　　译文：在旧中国，几乎没有机器制造业，更不用说电子工业了。

　　Some people never read a newspaper,let alone a book。

　　译文：有些人从未读过报纸，更不用说书本了。

　　He is the most intelligent, not to mention handsome, people I know。

　　译文：他是我知道的最聪明的人之一，而且他还很英俊。

　　(10)the last + 名词+不定式，或the last +名词+定语从句，意思是"…最不可能的，最不愿意的"。

　　You are the last person I want to see。

　　译文：你是我最不愿意见的人。

　　He would be the last person to go along with the proposal。

　　译文：他将是最不可能同意这项提议的人。

　　Breach of promise is the last thing that he is likely to commit。

　　译文：违约的事情他是绝不会干的。/他决不至于干出违约的事情。

　　(11)only to+动词"结果却…"，表示出乎意料的一种结果。

　　They don't have to pay for expensive seats at the theatre, the cinema or the opera, only to discover, perhaps, that the show is disappointing。

　　译文：他们不必花钱去剧院、电影院或歌剧院买价格昂贵的票，结果却发现，所演节目令人失望。

　　I went to pay a visit to my teacher only to find that the door was locked。

　　译文：我去拜访老师，结果却发现大门被锁上了。

　　(12)no...but"没有…不"，"任何…都"。

　　There is no man but has faults。

　　译文：没有人没有错误。/人皆有错误。

　　but在此是一否定关系代词，既代替前面的名词，又引出从句，而且具有否定意义，可理解为who...not, that...not, which...not。原句相当于There is no man who does not have faults。

　　(13)would rather...than"宁愿…","与其…不如"。

　　I would rather die with my head high, with indestructible faith and profound belief in the destiny of our country, than live in humility and renounce the principles which are sacred to me。

　　译文：我宁愿昂着头，怀着不动摇的信念，抱着对祖国前途的真切信心而死，也不愿在屈从之下背弃神圣的原则而生。(注：would rather 在某些英语中写成had rather)

　　(14)not nearly 相差很远，远远少于。

　　The food supply will not increase nearly enough to match this, which means that we are heading into a crisis in the matter of producing and marketing food。

　　译文：粮食供应将远远比不上人口的增长，这意味着我们在粮食生产和购销两方面正陷入危机。

　　(15)no less than简直是，实在是; no less... than不但…而且。

　　It is no less than blackmail to ask such a price for a mere vase。

　　译文：区区一花瓶索要如此高价，简直是敲诈。

　　There were no less than one thousand people at the meeting。

　　译文：到会的不少于1 000人。(强调人很多。比较There were not less than one thousand people at the meeting。到会的至少有1 000人。只说"不少于"，而不强调人多人少)

　　China insists always on the need for self-reliance, no less in economic policies than in making revolution。

　　译文：中国始终坚持独立自主，不但在进行革命方面，而且在经济政策方面亦如此。(注意：no less...than连接两个并列的成分，强调的重心在前面，因此汉译时被强调的部分要放在"而且"之后)

　　(16)anything but 根本不;all but 几乎，差一点;but for、but that + 从句"要不是"。

　　Alone in a deserted house, he was so busy with his research work that he felt anything but lonely。

　　译文：虽然他单独一人待在这所空寂的房子里，但是他埋头于工作研究，所以一点也没有感到孤独。

　　(anything but意思是not at all, but做介词，意为except)

　　The method of scientific investigation is nothing but the expression of the necessary mode of working of the human mind; it is simply the mode by which all phenomena are reasoned about and given precise and exact explanation。

　　译文：科学研究的方式不过是人类思维活动的必要表达方式，也就是对一切现象进行思索并给予准确而严谨的解释的表达方式。

　　It was all but impossible to climb back into the boat。

　　译文：要再回到船上已几乎不可能了。(all but相当于nearly, almost)

　　But for the rain we would have had a nice holiday。

　　译文：要不是因为下雨，我们的假日一定过得很惬意。

　　But that you had seen me in the water, I would have drowned。

　　译文：要不是你看见我掉在水里，我早就淹死了。

　　Holidays other than those in this brochure do not have free places for children。

　　译文：小册子上没写的节假日里小孩不免费。

　　We missed the last bus so there was no choice other than to walk home。

　　译文：我们错过了最后一班公共汽车，所以除了步行回家外别无选择。

　　预祝2014各位考生都能够早日掌握常见的习惯用法和固定搭配，取得考研英语的成功。>>>考研英语翻译必备技巧