2014考研英语：如何翻译名词性、定语、状语从句(二)

　　2014考研英语：如何翻译名词性、定语、状语从句(二)

　　35.在翻译过程中，如何处理同位语从句?

　　英语的同位语从句是用以解释说明前面某一名词的内容的，也就是将这一名词的含义具体化，其地位和此名词是同等的。从句常用that或whether来引导。同位语从句常用来说明fact，theory，sense，question，conclusion，news，experience，evidence，proof，condition，
law，conjecture，
doubt等词的具体含义。翻译此类从句时，一般有两种处理方法：一种把从句译成一个独立的句子，并在其前加即…，这…等词，或在从句所修饰的名词之后加冒号或破折号;二是用的字把从句放在它所修饰的词之前。如：

　　经典例题163 At the end of last century，an important discovery was made that everything was built partly of electrons.

　　参考译文上世纪末有一个重要的发现，即一切东西都有一部分是由电子构成的。

　　经典例题164 The least we can get from what is mentioned above is the conclusion that the world is in constant change and motion.

　　参考译文据上所述，我们至少可以得出这样的一个结论：世界处于永恒的变化和运动中。

　　经典例题165 Is this definition quite satisfactory that a thermometer is an instrument for measuring heat and cold?

　　参考译文这一定义———温度计是测量冷热的工具———是否完美呢?

　　经典例题166 There is only a remote possibility that many other elements will be found.参考译文再发现许多新元素的可能性是不大的。

　　历年真题分析

　　经典例题167 And it is imagined by many that the operations of the common mind can be by no means compared with these processes，and that they have to be acquired by a sort of special training.(1993年)

　　结构分析：句子的框架是And it is imagined…that…，and that…。这是典型的句型It+is+p.p.(过去分词)+that clause.It是形式主语，句子真正的主语是两个并列的that引导的主语从句，由连词and连接。operation此处不能译成操作，根据上下文应译成活动，这里的processes要译成思维过程，而不能简单地理解成过程。

　　参考译文许多人以为，普通人的思维活动根本无法与科学家的思维过程相比，认为这些思维过程必须经过某种专门训练才能掌握。

　　经典例题168 Whether the Government should increase the financing of pure science at the expense of technology or vice versa(反之)often depends on the issue of which is seen as the driving force.(1994年)结构分析：句子的框架是Whether…or…often depends on…。Whether…or引导了主语从句作句子的主语，financing这里根据上下文要译成经费投入;介词结构of which is seen as the driving force是宾语the issue的后置定语，of介词结构中又包含了which引导的介词宾语从句。

　　参考译文政府究竟是以减少对技术的经费投入来增加对纯理论科学的经费投入还是相反，这往往取决于把哪一方看作是驱动的力量。

　　经典例题169 How well the predictions will be validated by later performance depends upon the amount，reliability，and appropriateness of the information used and on the skill and wisdom with which it is interpreted.(1995年)

　　结构分析：句子的框架是How…depends on…and on…。句子的主语由how引导的主语从句担任;谓语动词词组depends on后面跟了两个由and连接的并列宾语，在第二个宾语中，介词with+which引导的定语从句修饰先行词the skill and wisdom.

　　参考译文这些预测在多大程度上为后来的表现所证实，这取决于所采用信息的数量、可靠性和适宜性，以及解释这些信息的技能和才智。

　　经典例题170 There is no agreement whether methodology refers to the concepts peculiar to historical work in general or to the research techniques appropriate to the various branches of historical inquiry.(1999年)

　　结构分析：句子的框架是There is no agreement whether…or…。主句是There is no agreement，agreement后面紧跟了由whether引导的同位语从句作同位语;在同位语从句中，谓语动词短语refers to跟了两个由连词or连接的并列宾语：A.the concepts peculiar to historical work in general;B.the research techniques appropriate to the various branches of historical inquiry.在第一个宾语中，形容词词组peculiar to historical work和介词词组in general作后置定语修饰the concepts;在第二个宾语中同样有形容词词组appropriate to…of historical inquiry作后置定语修饰the research techniques.

　　参考译文所谓方法论是指一般的历史研究中的特有概念，还是指历史探究中各个具体领域适用的研究手段，人们对此意见不一。

　　经典例题171 Furthermore，it is obvious that the strength of a country‘s economy is directly bound up with the efficiency of its agriculture and industry，and that this in turn rests upon the efforts of scientists and technologists of all kinds.(2000年)

　　结构分析：句子的框架是Furthermore，it is obvious that…，and that…。这是典型的句型It+is+obvious+that clause.It是形式主语，真正的主语是由连词and连接的两个并列的主语从句：A.that the strength is…bound with…，B.and that this…rests upon the efforts…。第一个主语从句中的词组be bound up with是与…有关联之意;在第二个主语从句中，代词this指代前文的the efficiency of its agriculture and industry，译为效率的提高。

　　参考译文再者，显而易见的是一个国家的经济实力与其工农业生产效率密切相关，而效率的提高则又有赖于各种科技人员的努力。熟能生巧

　　经典例题172 What could be a key to jet_lag and winter blues is the hormone melatonin(褪黑激素)，which is known to regulate body rhythms.

　　结构分析：句子的框架是What…is the hormone melatonin which is…。what引导了一个主语从句，而谓语部分中由which引导了非限制性定语从句修饰hormone melatonin.句中jet_lag是时差综合症，blues不能译成蓝色，而是忧郁之意。

　　参考译文能解除时差综合症和冬季忧郁症的关键是荷尔蒙褪黑激素，人们知道这种激素能够调节人体节奏。

　　经典例题173 Data presented by the American Psychiatric Association revealed that psychiatrists engaging solely in psycho_therapeutic interventions earn approximately one_third of what psychiatrists do who evaluate and medicate patients.

　　结构分析：句子的框架是Data…revealed that psychiatrists…earn one_third of…。主语部分中，过去分词短语presented by the American Psychiatric Association作主语data的后置定语;谓语动词revealed后面跟了一个that引导的宾语从句;在宾语从句中，what引导了从句作介词of的宾语，而介词宾语从句中又包括了who引导的定语从句修饰先行词psychiatrists，只不过被动词do隔开了;另外，that宾语从句中的主语后面有现在分词短语engaging solely in psycho_therapeutic interventions作后置定语。句中还有几个同根词psychiatric(形容词，心理的，精神的)，psychiatrist(名词，心理医生，精神病医生)，psycho_是词缀心理的。