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   词汇
    
    英语写作讲究用词准确而且正式。同时，英语的词汇非常丰富，一个词语通常都有许多同义词和近义词。考生如果平时注意积累并加以练习，就能够熟练在考试中运用。下面我们举一些英语词汇变化的例子。
    
    help out—>assist; set up to—>establish; go up—>increase;
    
    cut down—>reduce; find out—>determine; look into—>investigate;
    
    bring up—>raise; come up with—>create; go up and down—>fluctuate
    
    good—>considerable; get—>obtain; a lot of—>numerous;
    
    things that will happen—>consequences
    
    语法
    
       英文写作非常讲究语法，尤其是考研作文作为正式文体，需要注意以下几点小细节：
    
      1、尽量少用缩写形式。如don’t, can’t, won’t写做do not, cannot, will not等。
    
      2、用更加正式的否定形式。如not… any写做no, not… much 写做 little, not many 写做few等。
    
      例如：He did not say any words.
    
      He said no words
    
      There are not many chances available.
     
      There are few chances available.
    
      3、尽量少用”etc.”, “and so on”等表达方式。
    
      例如：Activities include dancing, singing, etc.
    
      Activities include dancing, singing, and other fun stuff.
    
       4、尽量把副词和动词放在一起。 
    
      例如：Consequently we may arrive at the conclusion that…
    
       We may consequently arrive at the conclusion that…
    
      标点
    
      英语中没有顿号，在汉语需要顿号的情况下可以用逗号。 
     
      汉语中的引言通常都是：“”的格式，而英语中不用冒号，用逗号，如, “ “. 
     
      书名、文章名等出版物名称用下划线或者斜体字表示（手写时用下划线）。
    
       破折号可以用于在一个句子的前面或后面加入额外的注释，灵活地运用破折号可以使长句子变得更加生动，增加文章的文采。
    
       常用程度和语句副词
    
       常用的程度副词包括：absolutely, almost, awfully, completely, considerably, deeply, entirely, exactly, extremely, fairly, greatly, hardly, immensely, increasingly, more and more, much, nearly, partly, perfectly, profoundly, quite, rather, scarcely, slightly, somehow, somewhat, thoroughly, to some extent, utterly, very.
    
       常用语句副词包括：actually, admittedly, certainly, clearly, definitely, evidently, fortunately, frankly, honestly, luckily, more importantly, naturally, surprisingly, obviously, perhaps, preferably, probably, possibly, strangely, superficially, surely, technically, theoretically, undeniably, unexpectedly, unfortunately.
    
       常用逻辑连接词
    
        英语文章强调文字之间的严格逻辑关系，这些逻辑关系通过逻辑连接词来具体体现。因此，考生需要掌握丰富的词汇，有助于文章的组织结构，从而为文章增色。
    
       因果关系：… and so…; another important factor/reason …; as a consequence; as a result; as; because; because of; being that; consequently; due to; for the reason that; for the same reason; for; hence; for this reason; in consequence; in that… ; in view of; owing to; since; so; … so that…; the reason seems obvious; there are about…; therefore; thus; obviously; evidently
    
       并列关系：and; also; as well as; both … and …; either… or …; neither… nor …; not only… but also…; in the same way; too
    
       序列关系: first…, second…, third…, and so forth; A…, B…, C…, and so forth; next; then; following this; at the same time; now; at this point; after; afterwards; subsequently; finally; previously; before this; simultaneously; concurrently; thus; therefore; hence; next; and then; soon
    
       递进关系：accordingly; as a popular saying goes…; as far as… is concerned; at the same time; besides; even; further; furthermore; in addition; in order to…; in other words; in the first place…, in the second place…; in this way; meanwhile; moreover; not only…, but also…; not… but…; lastly; for one thing…, for another…
    
       时空关系：afterwards; as soon as; at least; before; eventually; every; first; first of all; first and foremost; for a start; meanwhile; in the meantime; while; now; next; not … until; later; formerly; previously; prior to; since then; since; subsequently; till; to begin with; to start with; when; then
    
       转折关系：yet; but; unless; despite that; in spite of; though; although; although this may be true; even so; even though; however; sometimes; once in a while; independent of; reckless of; regardless of
    
       条件关系：as long as; even if; even though; if it necessary; if not all; if possible; if so; if; lest; once; provided that; unless
    
       重复关系：in brief; as I have said; as I have noted; as has been noted; as is mentioned above
    
       比较关系：apart from; by the same token; compared with; in comparison with; in the same vein; like; likewise; rather than; similarly; similarly important; equally; when compared with; when in fact…
    
       举例关系：a good example would be; for example; for instance; in this case; in another case; on this occasion; in this situation; take the case of; to demonstrate; to illustrate; according to; as an illustration; as for; as regards; as to; in particular; including; namely; notably; such as; like; take… as an example; you may say
    
        对比关系：after all; as opposed to; balanced against; up against; vis a vis; where; conversely; on the one hand… on the other hand…; contrary to; conversely unlike; different from this; however; in contrast; nevertheless; on the contrary; oppose to; whereas; while
    
        强调关系：definitely; extremely; obviously; absolutely; positively; naturally; surprisingly; always; forever; perennially; eternally; emphatically; never; unquestionably; without a doubt; certainly; surely; undeniably; without reservation; believe it or not; especially; particularly; in particular; specifically; in fact; as a matter of fact; actually; in deed; moreover; not to mention…; what is more important; notably; that is;
    
        总结关系：accordingly; altogether; as a result; consequently; hence; in one word; in brief; in short; in other words; in summary; on the whole; in conclusion; overall; the conclusion can be safely drawn that…; therefore; to conclude; to sum up; summing up; as I have shown; as I have said; hence; all in all